Functional Groups Flashcards
what is characteristic about an alkene functional group?
it has a carbon : carbon double bond The double bond follows from an sp2 hybridized orbital somewhere on the molecule usually attached to some other stuff: hydrogens and
what is characteristic about an alkYNE functional group?
it has a carbon : carbon TRIPLE bond The triple bond follows from sp hybridization somewhere on the molecule
what is another name for the arene functional group?
aromatic ring
what is another name for the aromatic ring functional group?
arene
what is characteristic about an aromatic/arene functional group?
it has a 6 carbon ring with alternating double and single bonds
what is characteristic about an alcohol halide functional group?
it has an OH on it
what is characteristic about an ether functional group?
it has an oxygen with R groups on either side The R groups can be the same or be two different kinds of R groups R groups can be alkanes?!?!
what is characteristic about an thiol functional group?
it has an SH on it similar to how alcohol functional group has an OH on it
what is characteristic about an thiol functional group?
it has an SH on it similar to how alcohol functional group has an OH on it
what is characteristic about an sulfide functional group?
it has an sulfur with R groups on either side similar to how ether groups have an oxygen with R groups on either side
It’s the same thing as a thioester
what is characteristic about an amine functional group?
it has a nitrogen attached to 3 R groups
what is characteristic about an aldehyde functional group?
it has a carbonyl attached to an R group on one side and a Hydrogen on the other side
what is characteristic about an ketone functional group?
it has a carbonyl attached to an R group on one side and another R group on the other side R groups often Carbons
what is characteristic about an carboxylic acid functional group?
it has a carbonyl attached to an R group on one side and an OH group on the other side the OH’s bond to the carbonyl is how you know the group is carboxylic acid and not alcohol
is a carbonyl group a functional group?
no, but functional groups can be connected to it
what is a carbonyl?
a component of functional groups. It’s a carbon double bonded to an oxygen
what is characteristic about an acyl halide functional group?
it has a carbonyl attached to an R group on one side and a halide on the other side
what is characteristic about an ester functional group?
it has a carbonyl attached to an R group on one side and OR on the other side
what is characteristic about an amide 2 functional group?
it has a deprotonated nitrogen (that subsequently has a negative formal charge) connected to two R groups
what is characteristic about an alkANE functional group?
Is composed completely of carbon - hydrogen sp3 hybridized bonds All the carbons are saturated (with hydrogens) Exp. butane
what is characteristic about a haloalkANE functional group?
It’s an alkane that has a halogen on it
What’s another name for a haloalkane?
Alkyl halide Or ‘alkyl’ and then the name of the specific halide (Exp. Alkane group with bromide as its halide = ‘Alkyl bromide’)
what is characteristic about an ammonium functional group?
It’s an amine group that has a positive charge The nitrogen in this group is observed “violating its normal bonding pattern of 3”
what is characteristic about an aziridine functional group?
Its a 3 member ring where one of the members is nitrogen Like a triangle where one of the corners is for nitrogen and the nitrogen is also attached to an R group; the other 2 corners or the triangle are carbons and the carbons are attached to R groups
what is characteristic about an epoxide functional group?
It’s like a triangle that has an oxygen for one of the corners The other two corners are carbon and the carbons are connected to R groups
what is characteristic about an hydrazene functional group?
It has 2 nitrogens bound together (with sp bond)
what is characteristic about an peroxide functional group?
It has to oxygens bound together The ends of the chain are R groups
what is characteristic about an alkoxide functional group?
It’s a deprotontated alcohol (Like an alcohol where the oxygen has an extra pair of unpaired electrons instead of a hydrogen)
what is characteristic about an diol functional group?
It’s two alcohols
what is characteristic about an silane functional group?
It has a silicon in it Probably makes 4 bonds with R groups
what is characteristic about an phospine functional group?
It contains phosphorus
what is characteristic about an thioether functional group?
Contains a sulfur connected to R groups on either side
what is characteristic about an disulfide functional group?
Have sulfur - sulfur single bond in them, with R groups attached to either side/end
what is characteristic about an selenol functional group?
It has a selinium in it with a H on one side and an R group on the other
what is characteristic about an imine functional group?
Like a carbonyl but it has nitrogen double bonded to carbon instead of oxygen
what is characteristic about an nitrile functional group?
It has a Carbon triple bonded to nitrogen
what is characteristic about an nitro functional group?
It has a nitrogen with double bond to an oxygen, a single bond to another oxygen, and formal charges NO2
what is characteristic about an lactone functional group?
It’s a cyclic ester
what is characteristic about an anhydride functional group?
It’s a carbonyl connected to an oxygen which is connecting to another carbonyl An oxygen with carbonyls on either side
what is characteristic about an carboxylate functional group?
It’s deprotonated carboxylic acid
what is characteristic about an acyl halide functional group?
It’s a carbonyl with a halide connected to it
what is characteristic about an amide 1 functional group?
It has a carbonyl connected to an R group on one side and a nitrogen on the other side
what is characteristic about an lactam functional group?
It’s a cyclic amide
