Functional Groups

Question 1

• O - H

Answer 1

Name: hydroxyl
Compounds: alcohol (ending “-ol”)
Properties: polar, water soluble
Chemical Shorthand: OH

Question 2

O
||
- C - O - H

Answer 2

Name: carboxyl
Compounds: organic acids (ending “-ic” acids)
Properties: weakly ionic, acidic, water soluble
Chemical Shorthand: COOH, HOOC, COO-

Question 3

O
||
- C - H

Answer 3

Name: carbonyl
Compounds: ketone (ending “-one”)
Properties: weakly polar, kinda soluble, strong smelling
Chemical Shorthand: CO, CHO

Question 4

O
||
- C -

Answer 4

Name: carbonyl
Compounds: aldehyde (ending “-al”)
Properties: weakly polar, kinds soluble, strong smelling
Chemical Shorthand: CO, CHO

Question 5

• N - H
  |
  H

Answer 5

Name: amino
Compounds: amine, secondary amine (ending “-ine”)
Properties: ionic, basic, water soluble
Chemical Shorthand: NH2, NH

Question 6

• S - H

Answer 6

Name: sulfhydral
Compounds: thiol (starting “thio-“)
Properties: non-polar, strong smelling
Chemical Shorthand: SH

Question 7

O
        ||
- O - P - O
        |
       O

Answer 7

Name: phosphate
Compounds: phosphate (starting “phospho-“)
Properties: strongly ionic, acidic, very soluble
Chemical Shorthand: P