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Chem110 > FUNCTIONAL GROUPS 2 > Flashcards

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three ways to extend the carbon chain?

A

1) Using a cyanide ion - requires and Alkyl halide.
2) Alkanide ion ( Alkyne + NaNH2)
3) Grinyards Reagent RMgBr + Keytone or aldehyde = Tertiary alcohol.

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2
Q

What are the 3 broad ways of producing an alcohol?

A
  1. Alkene/ Alkyl halide
  2. Strong nucleophilic addition
  3. Weak nucleophilic addition
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3
Q

What is alkyl halide hydrolysis?

A

R-X + OH- –> Alcohol

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4
Q

What is alkene addition to form alcohols?

A

Alkene + H2O/ H+ –> Alcohol

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5
Q

What reactant causes reverse markovnikov major and minor products?

A

BH3

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6
Q

What results from aldehyde + NaBH4 2. H3O+

A

Primary alcohol

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7
Q

What results from keytone + NaBH4 2. H3O+

A

Secondary alcohol

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8
Q

What results from ester + NaBH4 2. H3O+

A

primary alcohol

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9
Q

RMgX + aldehyde

A

Primary (methanal) or secondary alcohol

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10
Q

RMgX + Keytone

A

Tertiary alcohol

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11
Q

What is the reagent role of KOH/ NaOH

A

Alkyl halide –> alkene + HX

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12
Q

What is the reagent role of H2/Pt

A

Alkyne or alkene –> alkane

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13
Q

What is the catalyst role of diethyl ether?

A

Alkene + acid –> alkyl halide

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14
Q

What is the catalyst role of H+

A

Alkene + Water –> alcohol

Alkene + alcohol –> ether

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15
Q

What is the catalyst role of Li/Liq NH3 + H2O

A

Alkyne –> E-alkene

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16
Q

What is the reagent role of RMgX

A

alkene –> alcohol (can extend carbon chain)

17
Q

What is the reagent role of CN-

A

Extends carbon chain

Aldehyde/ keytone + RNH2 –> C=NR

Aldehyde/ Keytone + *GNH2 –> C=NG

*G= R = Imine

= OH =Oxime

=NH2= Hydrazone

18
Q

What is the reagent role of SOCl2

A

Alcohol Substitution to C-Cl

19
Q

What is the reagent role of NaNH2

A

Aldehyde/ ketone –> C=NOH

20
Q

What is the reagent role of LiAlH4?

A

Ester –> primary alcohol

21
Q

What is the reagent role of NaBH4

A

Aldehyde –> primary alcohol

Ketone –> Secondary alcohol

22
Q

What is the reagent role of H2CrO4

A

Primary alcohol –> Carboxylic acid

Secondary –> keytone

23
Q

What is the reagent role of PCC

A

Primary alcohol –> aldehyde

24
Q

What is the reagent role of H2SO4

A

Alcohol –> alkene + h2o

W/ HgSO4; alkyne –> ketone/ aldehyde

Chem110 (5 decks)

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