Functional groups

Question 1

The Chemistry of Life:
what are organic molecules?

Answer 1

Organic Molecules: The building blocks of life (monomer)

Organic molecules - carbon-containing molecule, often bonded to other carbon atoms or hydrogen, often made by living things
organic matter makes up most living things
(96% of the all life is made up of the elements C, H, O, N.)

Question 2

Basic Hydrocarbons chains?

Answer 2

There are three (3) main hydrocarbon chains

Alkanes: all single bonds

Alkenes: at least one double bond

Alkynes: at least one triple bond

Question 3

The Chemical Groups Most Important in the Processes of Life
what is a functional group?

Answer 3

Functional groups are the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions
The number and arrangement of functional groups give each molecule its unique properties

These groups bond onto the carbon backbone to produce larger molecules

Question 4

Name the Functional Groups

Answer 4

Alkyl group (ie methyl)
Hydroxyl group
Carbonyl group
- aldehydes
- ketones
Carboxyl group
Amino group
Phosphate group
Sulfhydryl group

Question 5

Alkyl

Answer 5

branches
Methyl –> ch3

Name ends in: “-yl”
Example: methyl, ethyl, butyl

2-methyl propane

Question 6

Hydroxyl

Answer 6

alcohol group

Name ends in: “-ol”
Example: methanol, ethanol, butanol

Question 7

Aldehydes

Answer 7

carbonyl group
COH
DOUBLE BONDED TO O
to terminal carbon (end carbon)
aldehydes are always carbon #1

Name ends in: “-al”
Example: methanal, ethanal, butanal

Question 8

Ketones

Answer 8

Carbonyl CO

C double bonded to O
usually R-C-R

Name ends in: “-one”
Example: propanone

Question 9

Carboxylic Acids

Answer 9

Carboxyl – COOH

TERMINAL CARBON ALWAYS

Name ends in: “-oic acid”
Example: ethanoic acid, butanoic acid

Question 10

Amine

Answer 10

Amino – NH2

R-NH2
Name ends in: “-amine”
Example: propanamine, butanamine

Question 11

Organic Phosphate

Answer 11

Phosphate – OPO32-

R- OPO32-
Name ends in: “phosphate”
Example: methyl phosphate, ethyl phosphate

very strong compound
becomes the backbone in most cases
the carbon chain is a branch off the phosphate
everything else is an alkine group
make sure to include the neg charges

Question 12

Thiols

Answer 12

Sulfhydryl – SH

R-SH

Name ends in: “-thiol”
Example: ethanethiol, propanethiol