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Biology -biological molecules > functional groups > Flashcards

functional groups Flashcards

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1
Q

alkane

A

single bond hydrocarbon

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2
Q

alkene

A

a hydrocarbon containing a double bond

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3
Q

alkyne

A

a hydrocarbon containing a carbon carbon triple bond

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4
Q

cycloalkanes

A

Hydrocarbons forming cyclic single bonded molecules

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5
Q

cycloakenes- aromatic ring

A

cyclic hydrocarbons with double bonds

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6
Q

halogenoalkane (haloalkane)
alkyl halide

A

halogens attached to alkanes

functional group: R-X
R: hydrocarbon chain
X: halogen
Cl, Br, F, I

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7
Q

Ether

A

Oxygen attached to 2 R groups
Functional group: R-O-R
R groups can be methyl, ethyl groups etc
Ethers are polar due to the oxygen
If hydrocarbon chain not big then relatively polar molecule

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8
Q

Alcohol

A

Functional group: R-OH
OH group attached to a hydrocarbon chain

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9
Q

Ketone

A

Functional group: R-CO-R
carbon is double bonded to oxygen
carbonyl group in the middle of chain

carbonyl

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10
Q

aldehyde

A

Functional group: R-CHO
the functional group always at the end

suffix- al
e.g. hexanal

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11
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

Functional group: RCOOH
one oxygen bonded with a double bond to the carbon

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12
Q

ester

A

Functional group: RCOOR
e.g.
methyl ethanoate

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13
Q

Amine

A

Functional group: R-N:H2
hydrogen bonding like alcohol or carboxylic acid

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14
Q

Amide

A

Functional group: R-CONH2
e.g. butanamide

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15
Q

Nitrile

A

Functional group: R-C|||N
triple bond between carbon and nitrogen atom
e.g. ethane nitrile

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16
Q

Thiol -alcohol
Thioether- ether
Thioester- ester

A

Functional group: SH

17
Q

enol

A

alcohol and alkene together

18
Q

enamine

A

Nitrogen with 2 R groups next to double bond

19
Q

Imine

A

carbon double bonded to nitrogen atom

20
Q

Organic peroxide

A

R-O-O-R

21
Q

peroxy acid

A

carboxylic acid and peroxide

22
Q

Nitro group

A

R- NO2

23
Q

carbocation

A

C+

24
Q

Radical

A

C°

25
Q

Carbanion

A

C: -

26
Q

Carbene

A

C:

Biology -biological molecules (9 decks)

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