functional groups Flashcards
alkane
single bond hydrocarbon
alkene
a hydrocarbon containing a double bond
alkyne
a hydrocarbon containing a carbon carbon triple bond
cycloalkanes
Hydrocarbons forming cyclic single bonded molecules
cycloakenes- aromatic ring
cyclic hydrocarbons with double bonds
halogenoalkane (haloalkane)
alkyl halide
halogens attached to alkanes
functional group: R-X
R: hydrocarbon chain
X: halogen
Cl, Br, F, I
Ether
Oxygen attached to 2 R groups
Functional group: R-O-R
R groups can be methyl, ethyl groups etc
Ethers are polar due to the oxygen
If hydrocarbon chain not big then relatively polar molecule
Alcohol
Functional group: R-OH
OH group attached to a hydrocarbon chain
Ketone
Functional group: R-CO-R
carbon is double bonded to oxygen
carbonyl group in the middle of chain
carbonyl
aldehyde
Functional group: R-CHO
the functional group always at the end
suffix- al
e.g. hexanal
Carboxylic acid
Functional group: RCOOH
one oxygen bonded with a double bond to the carbon
ester
Functional group: RCOOR
e.g.
methyl ethanoate
Amine
Functional group: R-N:H2
hydrogen bonding like alcohol or carboxylic acid
Amide
Functional group: R-CONH2
e.g. butanamide
Nitrile
Functional group: R-C|||N
triple bond between carbon and nitrogen atom
e.g. ethane nitrile