functional groups Flashcards
defined as an atom or group of atoms within a molecule that has similar chemical properties whenever it appears in various compounds.
Functional groups
They are specific groupings of atoms within molecules that have their own characteristic properties, regardless of the other atoms present in a molecule.
Functional groups
are compounds comprised exclusively of carbon and hydrogen.
Hydrocarbons
Two types of hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
Aromatic
a group of chemical compounds comprised of an alkane with one or more hydrogens replaced by a halogen atom.
Alkyl Halide/Haloalkane
It involves an oxygen atom that is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one carbon atom.
Alcohol
It consists of an oxygen atom that forms single bonds with two carbon atoms.
Ether
It is a carbonyl in which the carbon atom is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. The other group attached to the carbonyl may be an R-group or a hydrogen atom.
Aldehyde
It involves a carbonyl in which the carbon atom makes single bonds with two R-groups.
Ketone
They undergo most of the same reactions as aldehydes, but they tend to be slightly less reactive.
Ketones
These are carbonyl containing functional group, in which the carbon atom is bonded to an -OH group on one side and either a carbon or hydrogen atom on the other.
Carboxylic Acids
It is similar to a carboxylic acid, in that it contains a carbonyl where the carbon is bonded to one additional oxygen atom and one carbon or hydrogen atom. However, the second oxygen atom is bonded to another carbon instead of to an acidic hydrogen atom.
Esters
These are organic derivatives of ammonia, NH3, in which one or more of the three H’s is replaced by a carbon group.
Amines
It is a carbonyl in which the carbon is attached to one nitrogen atom and one carbon or hydrogen atom.
Amide
It is any organic compound with a −C N functional group.
Nitrile
