functional groups

Question 1

aldehyde

Answer 1

R-C(=O)-H

aldeHyde (carbonyl with an H at the end)

Question 2

ketone

Answer 2

R-C(=O)-R

ketone doesn’t like to be alone (R on either side of carbonyl)

Question 3

acyl halide

Answer 3

R-C(=O)-X

Question 4

ether

Answer 4

R-O-R

ether = either: either R or R!

Question 5

sulfide

Answer 5

R-S-R

sulfide = thioether

Question 6

ester

Answer 6

R-C(=O)-O-R

an ether but with a carbonyl!

Question 7

amine

Answer 7

NR3:

1 R = primary, 2 R = secondary, 3R = tertiary
amiNe: nitrogen central atom

Question 8

amide

Answer 8

R-C(=O)-N-R2

like an amine but with a carbonyl!

Question 9

imine

Answer 9

C=N

think of the two lines in the double bond as the top and bottom of a capital “i”. C=N —> CIN —> IN —> imINe!

Question 10

carboxylate

Answer 10

R-C(=O)-O

non-carbonyl oxygen has negative formal charge

Question 11

carboxylic acid

Answer 11

R-C(=O)-OH

Question 12

disulfide

Answer 12

R-S-S-R

just sulfide with an extra sulfur (disulfur!!)

Question 13

nitrile

Answer 13

C triple bond N

Question 14

anhydride

Answer 14

R-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-R

Question 15

thiol

Answer 15

R-SH

alcohol with s instead of o

Question 16

alcohol

Answer 16

R-COH

primary = OH-CH2-R
secondary = OH-CH-R2
tertiary = OH-C-R3