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CSO > Functional Foods > Flashcards

Functional Foods Flashcards

1
Q

Allium Vegetables

A
  • onions, garlic, leaks, shallots, chives
  • Remember allium comes from the Greek word for garlic
  • plant based diet is associated with lower risk of prostate cancer + recurrence
  • may protect against colorectal cancer
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2
Q

Isothiocyanates

A
  • sulfur-containing compounds found in cruciferous vegetables
  • cauliflower, cabbage, kale, bok choy, broccoli, Brussel sprouts + similar green leaf vegetables
  • may decrease lung cancer risk
  • plant based diet is associated with lower risk of prostate cancer + recurrence
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3
Q

Lycopene

A
  • tomatoes + tomato products + other red/yellow/orange fruits + Vegs
  • may reduce prostate cancer risk
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4
Q

Genistein

A
  • Soy isoflavones
  • soy food including edamame, tofu + soy milk
  • may reduce prostate cancer risk
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5
Q

Beta-carotene

A
  • carrots + other bright orange, red + yellow foods

- may help reduce colorectal cancer risk

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6
Q

Vitamin B6

A
  • may help with hand/foot syndrome related to 5FU, Xeloda

- dose of 50-100 mg 2-3 times per day may help prevent/reduce incidence/severity

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7
Q

Glutamine

A
  • supplement may reduce stomatitis, mucositis + esophagitis during tx. *Think upper GI symptom management
  • Glutamine rinse 5 grams 3 x day for mucositis/esophagitis
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8
Q

Zinc

A

-25mg dose(ELEMENTAL) 3x daily during or post chemoRT has been linked to improved survival rates + reduced side effects of dysgeusia and mucositis

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9
Q

Selenium

A
  • may benefit those taking Taxol + Cisplatin
  • 200ug/daily during treatment may improve immune function
  • may reduce prostate cancer risk
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10
Q

Milk Thistle

A
  • may benefit those taking cisplatin + antioxidants

- Silymarin - extract of milk thistle.

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11
Q

Theanine

A
  • may benefit those taking doxorubicin, idarubicin

- natural component in tea.

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12
Q

Omega 3s

A
  • may reduce toxicity of irinotecan, paclitaxel
  • may enhance doxorubicin
  • increased bleeding risk at supplemental dosage exceeding 4000mg/day
  • Perioperative use may improve nutritional outcomes such as weight, lean body mass
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13
Q

Melatonin

A

may benefit those taking tamoxifen (Novaldex)

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14
Q

Oleic Acid

A
  • may benefit those taking Herceptin

- Foods: olive oil, avocado

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15
Q

Calcium

A

1500mg daily
If less is consumed: decreased risk of colorectal cancer
If more is consumed: increased risk of prostate cancer

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16
Q

Vitamin D

A
  • Low Vitamin D can increase risk of: prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers (CBP)
  • Recommended range of 40-80
  • For every 100 IU vitamin D3 consumed, 25(OH) D levels increase by 1-2 mmol/L.
17
Q

Vitamin E

A
  • doses exceeding 400IU daily may be associated with reduced survival or recurrent disease
  • specifically with prostate
18
Q

Quercetin

A
  • anti-inflammatory properties but may decrease absorption of iron*
  • Foods: apple, onion, citrus fruits
19
Q

Curcumin

A
  • Major component in turmeric
  • can be useful in decreasing risk of pancreatic, colon cancer
  • (when paired with fatty foods): cisplatin, gemcitabine (Gemzar)
20
Q

Lutein

A

-Foods: predominantly found in leafy greens, squash, egg yolk*** ESP LEAFY GREENS

21
Q

Black cohosh

A

hot flashes

22
Q

St Johns Wart

A

-AVOID, may impact the cytochrome P450 enzyme system.
-can potentially reduce concentrations of irinotecan + imatinib.
May reduce efficacy of warfarin
May pose benefit in colorectal cancer (VITAL study)

23
Q

chaparral, ephedra, comfrey

A

unsafe herbs
linked with liver toxicity
Ch-ep-co

24
Q

Beta glucans

A

barley, oats, fruits, veg + seaweed. **Not flax seeds*

25
Q

Lignans

A

flaxseed richest source, sesame seeds, chickpeas, oats + barley
REDUCES BREAST CANCER RISK

26
Q

Lutein

A

dark leafy greens (spinach, kale, broccoli), squash, green peas, lettuce, onion, corn, pumpkin, egg yolk

27
Q

Soluble Fibers

A
  • BRAT diet
  • attracts water; slows digestion
  • oats, lentils, apples, oranges, bananas, pear, strawberry, nuts, flaxseeds, beans, dried peas, blueberries
28
Q

Insoluble Fibers

A

Adds bulk to stool. helps with constipation. do not increase when diarrhea present

29
Q

Coenzyme Q10

A

Doxorubicin: recommend Coenzyme-Q10 to decrease cardiac/renal toxicity side effect

30
Q

Theanine

A

in tea, antioxidant. may enhance antitumor effects of doxorubicin

31
Q

Immune Enhancing Mushrooms

A

maitake, shiitake, enokitake

32
Q

Inulin + fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), A by-product of inulin

A
  • onions, shallots, Jerusalem artichokes, garlic

- soluble fiber

33
Q

Aloe Vera

A

may worsen diarrhea

CSO (3 decks)

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