Functional Foods Flashcards
Allium Vegetables
- onions, garlic, leaks, shallots, chives
- Remember allium comes from the Greek word for garlic
- plant based diet is associated with lower risk of prostate cancer + recurrence
- may protect against colorectal cancer
Isothiocyanates
- sulfur-containing compounds found in cruciferous vegetables
- cauliflower, cabbage, kale, bok choy, broccoli, Brussel sprouts + similar green leaf vegetables
- may decrease lung cancer risk
- plant based diet is associated with lower risk of prostate cancer + recurrence
Lycopene
- tomatoes + tomato products + other red/yellow/orange fruits + Vegs
- may reduce prostate cancer risk
Genistein
- Soy isoflavones
- soy food including edamame, tofu + soy milk
- may reduce prostate cancer risk
Beta-carotene
- carrots + other bright orange, red + yellow foods
- may help reduce colorectal cancer risk
Vitamin B6
- may help with hand/foot syndrome related to 5FU, Xeloda
- dose of 50-100 mg 2-3 times per day may help prevent/reduce incidence/severity
Glutamine
- supplement may reduce stomatitis, mucositis + esophagitis during tx. *Think upper GI symptom management
- Glutamine rinse 5 grams 3 x day for mucositis/esophagitis
Zinc
-25mg dose(ELEMENTAL) 3x daily during or post chemoRT has been linked to improved survival rates + reduced side effects of dysgeusia and mucositis
Selenium
- may benefit those taking Taxol + Cisplatin
- 200ug/daily during treatment may improve immune function
- may reduce prostate cancer risk
Milk Thistle
- may benefit those taking cisplatin + antioxidants
- Silymarin - extract of milk thistle.
Theanine
- may benefit those taking doxorubicin, idarubicin
- natural component in tea.
Omega 3s
- may reduce toxicity of irinotecan, paclitaxel
- may enhance doxorubicin
- increased bleeding risk at supplemental dosage exceeding 4000mg/day
- Perioperative use may improve nutritional outcomes such as weight, lean body mass
Melatonin
may benefit those taking tamoxifen (Novaldex)
Oleic Acid
- may benefit those taking Herceptin
- Foods: olive oil, avocado
Calcium
1500mg daily
If less is consumed: decreased risk of colorectal cancer
If more is consumed: increased risk of prostate cancer
Vitamin D
- Low Vitamin D can increase risk of: prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers (CBP)
- Recommended range of 40-80
- For every 100 IU vitamin D3 consumed, 25(OH) D levels increase by 1-2 mmol/L.
Vitamin E
- doses exceeding 400IU daily may be associated with reduced survival or recurrent disease
- specifically with prostate
Quercetin
- anti-inflammatory properties but may decrease absorption of iron*
- Foods: apple, onion, citrus fruits
Curcumin
- Major component in turmeric
- can be useful in decreasing risk of pancreatic, colon cancer
- (when paired with fatty foods): cisplatin, gemcitabine (Gemzar)
Lutein
-Foods: predominantly found in leafy greens, squash, egg yolk*** ESP LEAFY GREENS
Black cohosh
hot flashes
St Johns Wart
-AVOID, may impact the cytochrome P450 enzyme system.
-can potentially reduce concentrations of irinotecan + imatinib.
May reduce efficacy of warfarin
May pose benefit in colorectal cancer (VITAL study)
chaparral, ephedra, comfrey
unsafe herbs
linked with liver toxicity
Ch-ep-co
Beta glucans
barley, oats, fruits, veg + seaweed. **Not flax seeds*
Lignans
flaxseed richest source, sesame seeds, chickpeas, oats + barley
REDUCES BREAST CANCER RISK
Lutein
dark leafy greens (spinach, kale, broccoli), squash, green peas, lettuce, onion, corn, pumpkin, egg yolk
Soluble Fibers
- BRAT diet
- attracts water; slows digestion
- oats, lentils, apples, oranges, bananas, pear, strawberry, nuts, flaxseeds, beans, dried peas, blueberries
Insoluble Fibers
Adds bulk to stool. helps with constipation. do not increase when diarrhea present
Coenzyme Q10
Doxorubicin: recommend Coenzyme-Q10 to decrease cardiac/renal toxicity side effect
Theanine
in tea, antioxidant. may enhance antitumor effects of doxorubicin
Immune Enhancing Mushrooms
maitake, shiitake, enokitake
Inulin + fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), A by-product of inulin
- onions, shallots, Jerusalem artichokes, garlic
- soluble fiber
Aloe Vera
may worsen diarrhea