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Ortho II > Functional Appliances > Flashcards

Functional Appliances Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 functional matrices?

A

Capsular

Periosteum

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2
Q

What is in the capsular matrix? (2)

A

Neurocranial capsular matrix

Orofacial capsular matrix

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3
Q

Whats in the periosteum matrix? (2)

A

Periosteum

Muscle insertions

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4
Q

Capsular matrix is responsible for…?

A

translation/sliding growth

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5
Q

The capsular matrix produces growth due to …

A

Growth of surrounding structures

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6
Q

The periosteum matric is responisble for …

A

growth mediated by bone remodelling

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7
Q

5 periosteum growth centres in mandible?

A
  • condyle
  • coronoid process
  • gonial angle
  • basal bone
  • alveolar bone
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8
Q

Growth center + muscle: Condyle?

A

Pterygoid muscle

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9
Q

Growth center + muscle: coronoid process?

A

temporalis muscle

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10
Q

Growth center + muscle: gonial angle?

A

masseter muscle

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11
Q

Growth center + muscle: alveolar and basal bone?

A

neuro-vascular bundle

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12
Q

Functional appliances act on the _____ muscle stimulating growth and development especially on the …..

A

Pterygoid & condyle unit

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13
Q

Muscle groups altered when using a functional appliance? (3)

A
  • Masticatory muscles
  • Facial muscles
  • Suprahyoid muscles
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14
Q

What are the masticatory msucles? (4)

A
  • temporallis
  • masseter
  • internal/external pterygoid
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15
Q

What are the facial muscles?

A
  • Orbicular

- Buccinator

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16
Q

What do the suprahyoid muscles do? (3)

A
  • Maintain airway patency thru lower farinx
  • control tongue position and function
  • maintain equilibrium between masticatory and neck musculature
17
Q

Suprahyoid muscles and class II malocclusions?

A

Disequilibrium between suprahyoid musculature due to retrognathic and lower position of the mandible

18
Q

What 4 elements control craniofacial growth?

A

Anterior: maxilla and mandible
Posterior: mandibular condyle & ramus

19
Q

If disequilibrium occurs in craneofacial growth…

A

Bone dysplasia and disharmony takes place

20
Q

Craneofacial growth: equilibrium between anterior and posterior elements?

A

Growth vector is down and forward

- parallel direction to facial axis

21
Q

Craneofacial growth: tendency for anterior element vertical growth?

A

Dolichocephalic growth pattern

22
Q

Craneofacial growth: tendency for saggital anterior element growth?

A

Class II develops due to tenddency for anterior maxillary growth and decreased condylar growth

23
Q

Craneofacial growth: tendency for posterior element growth?

A

Growth has a horizontal vector

Class III osseous dysplasia may occur

24
Q

Functional appliances effect on mandibular growth: Condylar cell division?

A

Increased condylar CARTILAGE cell division

25
Q

Functional appliances effect on mandibular growth: Condylar growth?

A

Changes in condylar growth.

possibly posteriorly?

26
Q

Functional appliances effect on mandibular growth: Gonial angle changes?

A
  • Mandibular lower posterior bone remodelling

- Mandibular advancement growth

27
Q

Functional appliances effect on mandibular growth: mandibular growth?

A

Horizontal mandibular growth

28
Q

Functional appliances effect on mandibular growth: Anatomy and neuromuscular function?

A

Has changes

29
Q

Functional appliances effect on mandibular growth: dentoalveolar changes? (3)

A

 Upper incisor retroclination
 Lower incisor proclination
 Mesial eruption of lower posterior teeth

30
Q

Functional appliances effect on mandibular growth: Anterior maxillary growth?

A

Anterior maxillary growth restriction

31
Q

Functional appliances effect on mandibular growth: glenoid fossa?

A
  • Adaptive changes

- Anterior position of glenoid fossa

32
Q

Functional appliance indications? (6)

A

 Growing patients with high sagittal growth potential
(Braquicephalic)
 Class II patients with maxillary prognathism and
mandibular retrognathism
 Interceptive treatment
 Distocclusion wit upper incisor procliantion and
lower anterior retroclination (dento-alveolar class II)
 As a retention appliance
 Compliance patients

33
Q

Functional appliance contraindications? (5)

A 
 Cannot treat severe bone discrepancies
 Bad prognosis in Dolicocephalic patients
 Does not treat crowding or volumetric
malocclusion
 Normally needs a second stage (Fixed
Orthododntics) treatment
 Class II, division 2, class II with lower incisor
proclination
34
Q

Functional appliances are always … (2)

A
  • bimaxillary appliances.

- They need a constructive bite registration

35
Q

The constructive bite will determine

A

The new maxillary –mandibular relationship

36
Q

Bite registration: With the anterior mandibular position we achieve? (2)

A

 Forward condyle movement in the glenoid fossa

 Stimulate muscle contraction

37
Q

There are 2 components to constructive bite. What do they depend on?

A
  • Anterior-posterior
  • Vertical

facial growth pattern, growth development,
age, and type of appliance.

38
Q

Bite registration horizontal component: (5)

A

Mandibular sagittal position can be obtained in 3
ways
 Maintain neutrocclusion
 Mandibular advancement: around 3 mm less
than maximum advancement possible by the
patient
 If overjet is accentuated, advancement is done
in different stages
 We can do unilateral mandibular advancement
in structural deviations

39
Q

Bite registration vertical component: (6)

A

2 to 3 mm. more than rest height, although it will
depend on
 Facial growth pattern
 Growth development and age
 Type of appliance
 If advancement is considerable, vertical opening
should be small, so that we limit muscle stretching
 Degree of vertical opening must be individualised
in each.

Ortho II (6 decks)

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