Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

xB12W1 > FUNCTIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY OF SHOULDER > Flashcards

FUNCTIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY OF SHOULDER Flashcards

1
Q

where does the clavicle extend from and to?

A

the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 main fucntions of the clavicle?

A

attaches upper limb to trunk
protects underlying neurovascular structures supplying the upper limb
transmits force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does the clavicle attach to the manubirum of the sternum?

A

sternoclavicular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

outline the basic shape of the clavicle?

A

facing forward, the medial aspect is convex and the lateral aspect concave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which muscles attach to the shaft of the clavicle?

A

deltoid, trapezius, subclavius, pectoralis major, sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does the clavicle attach to the acromion of the scapula?

A

via the acromioclavicular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the conoid tubercle and where is it found?

A

its a attachment point of the conoid ligament (medial coracoclavicular ligament) and is found on the lateral end of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the trapezoid line and where is it found?

A

an attachment point of the trapezoid ligament (lateral coracoclavicular ligament) and is found on the lateral end of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does the scapula connect the upper limb to the trunk?

A

it articulates with the humerus at the glenohumeral joint and with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

outline the anatomy of the costal surface of the scapula?

A

it contains a large concave depression called the subscapular fossa
on the superolateral surface there is a hook-like projection called the coracoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what originates from the subscapular fossa?

A

the subscapularis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what muscles attach to the coracoid process on the scapular?

A

pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis and the short head of the biceps brachii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

outline the structure of the lateral surface of the scpula?

A

the glenoid fossa which is a shallow cavity where the humerus joins- has a labrum to deepen the cavity
superior to the glenoid fossa is the supraglenoid tubercle
inferior to the glenid fossa is the infraglenoid tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the place of attachment for the long head of the biceps brachii?

A

the supraglenoid tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the place of attachment for the long head of the triceps brachii?

A

the infraglenoid tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the anataomy of the posterior surface of the scapula?

A

the spine runs transversle across it dividing it into the infraspinous fossa and the supraspinous fossa
the acromion is the projection of the spine that arches over the glenohumeral joint and articulates with the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what muscle originates from the infraspinatus fossa?

A

the infraspinatus muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what muscle originates from the supraspinatus fossa?

A

the supraspinatus muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

outline the anatomy of the proximal humerus?

A

it has a head, anatomical neck, surgical neck, greater tubersoty, lesser tuberosity and an intertubercular sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the greater tuberosity an attachment point for?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles (3 of the rotator cuff muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the lesser tuberosity of the humerus provide an attachment point for?

A

the subscapularis muscle (last rotator cuff muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what separates the greater and lesser tuberosities?

A

the intertubercular sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what runs along the intertubercular sulcus?

A

the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

whats the difference between the anatomical and surgical neck of the humerus?

A

anatomical neck is after the humeral head whereas the surgical neck is the narrowest region of the humerus and is therefore more viable to fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
describe the structure of the shaft of the humerus?
on the lateral side is the deltoid tuberosity where the delotif muscle attaches the radial groove runs diagonally down the posterior surface
26
what runs down the radial groove of the humerus?
the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery
27
what muscles attach to the humerus along its shaft?
coracobrachialis, deltoid, brachialis, brachioradialis, medial and lateral heads of the triceps
28
describe the structure of the distal humerus?
lateral and medial borders form medial and lateral supraepicondylar ridges and distal to these are the lateral and medial epicondyles the trochlea is located medially and lateral to it is the capitulum which articulates with the radius there are 3 depressions- coronoid, radial and olecranon fossae
29
whats the difference between the epicondyles?
the medial is larger and extends more distally
30
what passes i the groove on the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle?
the ulnar nerve
31
outline how the humerus is attached to the forearm?
the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius and the trochlear of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna
32
what lies between the ulna and radius?
the interosseous membrane
33
what type of joint is the glenohumeral?
ball and socket
34
what type of joint is the elbow?
hinge joint
35
what are the 4 joints of the shoulder?
sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral and scapulothoracic
36
why are sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular known as atypical synovial joints?
as their articular surfaces are covered in fibrocartilage rather than hyaline
37
what are the 3 joints of the elbow?
the humeroradial joint, proximal radio-ulnar joint and humero-ulnar joint
38
what are the ligaments of the shoulder?
``` acromioclavicular ligament coracoacromioal ligament coracoclavicular ligaments (conoid and trapezoid) superior transverse ligament transverse humeral ligament ```
39
what is the acromioclavicular ligament?
connect acromion of scapula and clavicle
40
what is the coracoacromial ligament?
connects coracoid process of the scapula to the acromion of the scapula
41
what is the transverse humeral ligament?
Holds the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii muscle in the groove between the greater and lesser tubercle on the humerus
42
what is the glenohumeral ligament?
connect the glenoid fossa to the humerus = joint capsule
43
what is the superior transverse scapular ligament?
links the margins of the suprascapular notch and converts it into a foramen, through which, the suprascapular nerve passes
44
what are the coracoclavicular ligaments?
connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula. It consists of the trapezoid ligament in front, and the conoid ligament behind.
45
describe the anatomy of the proximal end of the radius?
the head of the radius, neck and radial tuberosity (a bony projection)
46
whats the function of the radial tuberosity
it serves as a place of attachment of the biceps brachii muscle
47
what muscle attaches to the shaft of the radius?
the pronator teres muscle
48
describe the anatomy of the distal region of the radius?
the radial shaft expans to form a rectangular end and the lateral side projects distally as the styloid process on the medial surface is the ulnar notch which articultes with the head of the ulna to form the radioulnar joint the distal surface of the radius has 2 facets for articulating with scaphoid and lunate carpal bones
49
describe the anatomy of the proximal ulna?
has an olecranon which extends proximally - tip of the elbow has a coronoid process anteriorly the trochlear notch is formed by the olecranon and coronoid process and this articulates with the trochlea of the humerus the radial notch is located on the lateral surface of the trochlear notch and articulates with the head of the radius immediately distal to the coronoid process there is the tuberosity of ulna
50
whats the function of the tuberosity of ulna?
attachment of brachialis muscle
51
which muscles attach to the shaft of the ulna and where?
anterioly the pronator quadratus muscle
52
describe the anatomy of the dstal ulnar?
much small in diameter than proximal end terminates ina. rounded head with an ulnar styloid process head articulates with ulnar notch of radius to form distal radio-ulnar joint
53
describe the ligaments involved in the elbow joint?
lateral ulnar collateral ligament on lateral epicondyle of humerus to supinator crest of ulnar radial collateral ligament - from the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament annular ligament - from posterior to the anterior margins of radial notch on the ulna, encircles the head of radius and holds it against the radial notch of ulna accessory lateral collateral ligament - from the inferior margin of the annular ligament to the supinator crest.
54
what are the anterior muscles of the pectoral girdle?
serratus anterior, pectoralis minor and subclavius
55
what are the posterior muscles of the pectoral girdle?
trapezius, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor.
56
whats the origin and insertion of serratus anterior?
origin - medial border of scapula | insertion - anterolateral aspect of ribs 1-8
57
what is the origin and insertion of pectoralis minor?
origin - ribs 3-5 | insertion - coracoid process
58
whats the function of serratus anterior muscle?
pulls the scapula forward around the thorax, which allows for anteversion and protraction of the arm.
59
whats the function of the pectoralis minor muscle?
stabilization, depression, abduction or protraction, internal rotation and downward rotation of the scapula. It elevates the ribs for deep inspiration when the pectoral girdle is fixed or elevated.
60
what is the origin and insertion of pectoralis major?
origin - Clavicular part: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle Sternocostal part: anterior surface of sternum, Costal cartilages of ribs 1-6 Abdominal part: Anterior layer of rectus sheath insertion - lateral lip of intertubercle sulcus of humerus
61
whats the function of the pectoralis major muscle?
adduction of the arm and rotation of the arm forward about the axis of the body.
62
what are the origin and insertion points of the subclavius muscle?
origin - sternal end of rib 1 | insertion - subclavian groove of clavicle
63
whats the function of the subclavius muscle?
active stabilization of the clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint during movements of the shoulder and arm.
64
what are the origins and insertions of trapezius muscle?
origins - occipital bone, the ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous processes of T01–T12. insertion points - posterior border of lateral 1/3rd of clavicle, medial border of acronym, superior lip of spine of scapula
65
whats the function of trapezius muscle?
posture and movement
66
what is the origin and insertion point of the rhomboid major?
origin - T2-T5 spinous processes insertion - medial border of scapula
67
whats the function of the rhomboid major and minor?
upper limb movement and stability of both the shoulder girdle and scapula.
68
what are the origin and insertion points of the rhomboid minor?
oriign - C7- T1 spinous processes | insertion - medial border of scapula at root of spine
69
what are the origin and insertion points for the levator scapulae?
oriign - tranverse proceses of C1+C2 and posterior tubercles of C3+C4 insertion - medial border of scapula from superior angle to root of spine
70
what is the function of the levator scapulae?
elevate the scapulae
71
what are the origins and insertion points of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
origins - T6-T12 spinours processes lumbrosacral fascia and iliac crest insertion - floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
72
what are the scapulohumeral muscles?
muscles that connect the scapula to the humerus - rotator cuff, teres major and deltoid.
73
what are the rotator cuff muscles?
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis
74
whats the function of the supraspinatus muscle?
abduction of arm
75
whats the function of the infraspinatus muscle?
external rotation of humerus
76
whats the function of the teres minor muscle?
external rotation of humerus
77
whats the function of the subscapularis muscle?
internal rotation of the humerus
78
what are the origins and insertions of the deltoid?
origin - anterior border of lateral 1/3rd of clavicel , lateral border of acronion and inferior lip of spine of scapula insertion - delotid tuberosity of humerus
79
whats the function of the deltoid muscle?
arm abduction
80
what are the origins and insertions of the teres major muscle?
origin - dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula insertion - medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
81
whats the function of the teres major muscle?
produce the movements of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint
82
whats the origin and insertion of the supraspinatus muscle?
origin - medial 2/3rds of infraspinatus fossa insertion - superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
83
whats the function of the supraspinatus muscle?
initiate abduction and depress the humeral head against the upward pull of the deltoid
84
whats the origin and insertion of infraspinatus muscle?
origin - medial 2/3rds of infraspinatus fossa insetion - central facet of greater tubercle of humerus
85
whats the origin and insertion points of teres minor?
origin - dorsal surface of axillary border of scapula insertion - inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
86
whats the function of teres minor?
stabilizes the ball-and-socket glenohumeral joint by helping hold the humeral head (ball) into the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula (socket)
87
whats the origin and insertion of th subscapularis muscle?
origin - medial 2/3rds of costal surface of scapular insertion - lesser tubercle of humerus
88
what are the muscles of the arm?
biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis, triceps brachii
89
whats the most anterior muscle seen on the naterior surface of the arm?
the biceps brachii
90
whats the origin and insertion of the biceps brachii?
origin - supraglenoid tubercle (long head) and coracoid process (short head) insertion - radial tuberosity and deep antebrachial fascia
91
whats the origin and insertion of brachialis muscle?
origin - anterior surface of inferior 1/2 of humerus and medial intermuscular septum insettion - coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
92
whats the origin and insertion of coracobrachialis muscle?
origin - coracoid process | insertion - medial surface of midshaft of humerus
93
whats the origin and insertion of triceps brachii?
origin - infeaglenoid tubercle (long head), posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove (lateral head) and posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove medial head) insettion - olecranon process of ulna
94
which head of th triceps brachii inserts on the scapula?
long head
95
whats does paralysis of deltoid or loss of sensation at sergeants stripes mean?
surgical neck fracture - damage to axillary nerve
96
what are some common causes of shoulder pain in abduction?
bursitis or tendonitis
97
at what arc of abduction would tenditinitis or bursitis cause pain?
45-120 degrees
98
what are 4 types of shoulder bursas?
subscapular, subdeltoid, subacromial subcoracoid
99
what is the stimson technique for reducing a shoulder dislocation?
the patients arm hand over the edge of a bed with 10 pounds of weight hanging from the wrist
100
what is Kocher's method of reducing a shoulder dislocation?
traction to the elbow with external rotation of the humerus and adducting the elbow towards the chest

xB12W1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions