functional anatomy test Flashcards
5 functions of the respiratory system
- brings air into the lung
- transfers oxygen from the lungs into the blood
- removes carbon dioxide from the blood
- allows sense of smell
- creates speech
functions of the skeletal system
support: posture control
attach: attachment point for muscles
produce: blood cells
protect: vital organs
types of bones
long
short
flat
irregular
anatomical planes
- transverse (top to bottom)
- frontal (back and front)
- sagittal (left to right)
connective tissue
- tendon (attach muscle to bone)
- ligament (attach bone to bone)
- cartilage (stops bones rubbing together)
flexion
closing a joint
extension
opening a joint
adduction
moving towards the centre line of the body
abduction
moving away from the centre line of the body
rotation
moving a limb on it axis
circumduction
moving a limb in a circular motion
dorsiflexion
flexion of the foot towards the shin
plantar flexion
extension of the foot away from the shin
eversion
is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane
inversion
is the movement of the sole towards the median plane
supination
palm up
pronation
palm down
functions of the muscular system
- create movement (at joints)
- maintain posture
- body temperature regulation
- internal organ function
- blood circulation
3 muscle types
Skeletal : Voluntary : Quadriceps
Smooth : Involuntary : Stomach
Cardiac : Involuntary : Heart
respiratory acronym
Not – Nasal Cavity Many - Mouth People - Pharynx Like - Larynx To - Trachea Bake – Bronchi Broccoli – Bronchioles All – Alveoli Day - Diffusion
gas exchange
- Occurs in the alveoli
- Venous blood around the alveoli has a high level of CO2 and low level of O2
- Gas moves of area of high pressure/ concentration to low
- The process is called diffusion and requires no energy
inspiration
- Intercostals contract to lift and expand chest
- diaphragm contracts to increase thoracic volume.
expiration
- Intercostals relax pushing air out of the thoracic cavity.
- Diaphragm relaxes and further reduces the volume.
axial skeleton
head, vertebral column, ribs and breastbone or sternum
appendicular skeleton
everything else
- eg: Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals
somatoypes
- endomorph: lots of body fat, lots of muscle, and gain weight easily
- ectomorph: long and lean, with little body fat, and little muscle
- mesomorph: athletic, solid, and strong
function of blood
- Transporting nutrients
- Regulating the body’s fluids
- Regulating the body’s temperature
- Protecting the body against disease.
parts of blood
- Red blood cells: Transport nutrients
- Plasma: Regulating the body’s fluids
- White blood cells- Protecting the body against disease.
- Platelets: Prevent bleeding by causing blood clotting
types of blood vessels
- Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart
- Veins: Carry blood to the heart
- Capillaries: Where diffusion occurs
Blood Pressure is:
the amount of force exerted on the walls of the artery
Two types of blood pressure:
diastolic and systolic
Stroke Volume
Amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat
Cardiac Output
Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
Cardiac output formula
= STROKE VOLUME X BEATS PER MINUTE
flow of deoxygenated blood
- superior (top) / interior (bottom)vena cava
- right atrium
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary valve
- out the pulmonary arteries
flow of oxygenate blood
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- bicuspid valve
- left ventricle
- aortic valve
- out the aorta
middle tissue surrounding the heart
septum
