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Microbiology > Functional anatomy or Prokaryotic > Flashcards

Functional anatomy or Prokaryotic Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Go to slide chaper 4 to study the shape of microorganisms.

A

there is 11 types go study

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2
Q

What are the structure external to cell wall?

A
  1. Glycocalyces
  2. Flagella
  3. Fimbriae
  4. pili
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3
Q

What structure external to the cell wall is this?

______-is made of polysaccharide or polypeptide. It is a virulent factor, & aid in adhision (biofilm).

  1. Capsule
  2. Slime layer
A

Glycocalyx

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4
Q

What structure external to the cell wall is this?

________-
Structure: filament, hook, &basal body (anchors filament & hook to the cell wall).

A

Flagella

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5
Q

What is the Flagella arrangement?

A

*Peritrichous
*Polar
*Endoflagella: form an axial filament that wraps around the cell between its cytoplasmic membrane & an outer membrane.
Ex: Treponema (spirochete bacteria)

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6
Q

What is the Flagella function?

A
  • Rotation (360 degree)
  • Runs (counterclockwise)& tumbles
  • Taxis :chemo & photopositive and negative
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7
Q

What structure external to the cell wall is this?

_______-They are longer than fimbriae & they are involved in attachment, motility & DNA transfer.

  1. facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells 2.Are long, hollow tubules
  2. Not all the bacteria have pili
  3. A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two pili5.Involve in biofim
A

Pili

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8
Q

What structure external to the cell wall is this?

_______-They have a tendency to adhere to each other and to surfaces. As a result, they are involved in forming biofilms.

  1. Sticky, bristle-like projections
  2. Act as an electrical wire in biofilm
  3. Ex:fimbriae help Neisseria gonorrhoeae colonize mucous membranes.
A

Fimbriae

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9
Q

The Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan =

A

Protein + sugar (NAM, NAG)

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10
Q

NAM=

A

N-acetylmuramic acid

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11
Q

NAG=

A

N-acetylglucosomine

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12
Q

The Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan =Protein + sugar (NAM, NAG):

________-

  • tick layer of Peptidoglycan
  • teichoic acids(-)
A

Gram positive

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13
Q

The Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan =Protein + sugar (NAM, NAG):

________-*Lipopolysaccharide (Lipid A which is an endotoxin)

  • Periplamic space
  • Penicillin resistance
A

Gram negative

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14
Q

The Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan =Protein + sugar (NAM, NAG):

__________-
Ex: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (sterol rich cell membrane)
*Function of cell wall:Provide structure & shape. Assist in attachment or resist antimicrobial drugs

A

No cell wall

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15
Q

Structures Internal to the cell wall:

_______-Structure:Phospholipid bilayerContains proteinsFluid mosaic model

-FunctionsSelective permeabilitySite of cell wall formation

A

The plasma Membrane

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16
Q

Structures Internal to the Cell Wall
The plasma membrane

  1. Passive processes

__________: a net movement of chemical down its concentration gradient .

A

Diffusion

17
Q

Structures Internal to the Cell Wall
The plasma membrane

  1. Passive processes

_______-(internal protein provide pathway)

A

Facilitated

18
Q

Structures Internal to the Cell Wall
The plasma membrane

  1. Passive processes

__________-: diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (isotonic, hypertonic,& hypotonic)

A

Osmosis

19
Q

Structures Internal to the Cell Wall
The plasma membrane
2._________ (needs ATP)
*Group translocation: substance chemically changes during transport across membrane & getting trapped inside cell. Ex: Glucose (phosphate group is added).

A

Active processes

20
Q

Structures Internal to the Cell Wall Cytoplasm of Bacteria (cytosol, inclusions, ribosomes & cytoskeleton)

________-

  • Water + dissolved substances
  • Chromosome
  • Plasmids
  • Site of chemical reaction (enzymes within the cytosol function to produce amino acids & degrade sugar)
A

Cytosol

21
Q

Structures Internal to the Cell Wall Cytoplasm of Bacteria (cytosol, inclusions, ribosomes & cytoskeleton)

________-

  • Site of protein synthesis
  • The approximate size of ribosomes is expressed in svedbergs (s) & is determined by their sedimentation rate.
  • Many antibacterial drugs act on bacterial 70s ribosomes without effects on the larger 80s ribosomes of eukaryotic cells.
A

Ribosomes

22
Q

Structures Internal to the Cell Wall Cytoplasm of Bacteria (cytosol, inclusions, ribosomes & cytoskeleton)

_______-Internal network of fibers•Plays a role in forming a cell’s basic shape

A

Cytoskeleton

23
Q

Inclusions: are reserve deposits of lipids, starch, & etc)

_____-Energy reserve;Inorganic phosphate in algae, fungi, protozoa,& bacteria(Corynebacterium diphtheriae)

A

Metachromatic:

24
Q

Inclusions: are reserve deposits of lipids, starch, & etc)

______-Energy reserve; glycogen & starch

A

Polysaccharide

25
Q

Inclusions: are reserve deposits of lipids, starch, & etc)

______-Energy reserve; lipid polymer like polyhydroxybutyrate (PBH)

A

Liquid

26
Q

Inclusions: are reserve deposits of lipids, starch, & etc)

______-Energy reserve

A

Sulfur

27
Q

Inclusions: are reserve deposits of lipids, starch, & etc)

_______-CO2photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria)

A

Carboxysomes

28
Q

Inclusions: are reserve deposits of lipids, starch, & etc)

_________-help with floatation. (cyanobacteria)

A

Gas vesicles:

29
Q

Inclusions: are reserve deposits of lipids, starch, & etc)

________-iron oxide(Fe3O4) which acts as a magnet.

A

Magnetosomes

30
Q

Structures Internal to the Cell Wall

Endospore;

A
  • Sporulation
  • germination
  • Resistance
  • Resting structure
  • Not a reproduction
  • Bacillus & clostridium
31
Q

What are the Distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

A

Their DNA is not enclosed within a membraneThey lack membrane-enclosed organellesThey have cell walls containing peptidoglycanTheir DNA is not associated with histones

32
Q

________-Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryoticcells for movement

A

Cilia

Microbiology (2 decks)

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