Functional anatomy or Prokaryotic Flashcards
Go to slide chaper 4 to study the shape of microorganisms.
there is 11 types go study
What are the structure external to cell wall?
- Glycocalyces
- Flagella
- Fimbriae
- pili
What structure external to the cell wall is this?
______-is made of polysaccharide or polypeptide. It is a virulent factor, & aid in adhision (biofilm).
- Capsule
- Slime layer
Glycocalyx
What structure external to the cell wall is this?
________-
Structure: filament, hook, &basal body (anchors filament & hook to the cell wall).
Flagella
What is the Flagella arrangement?
*Peritrichous
*Polar
*Endoflagella: form an axial filament that wraps around the cell between its cytoplasmic membrane & an outer membrane.
Ex: Treponema (spirochete bacteria)
What is the Flagella function?
- Rotation (360 degree)
- Runs (counterclockwise)& tumbles
- Taxis :chemo & photopositive and negative
What structure external to the cell wall is this?
_______-They are longer than fimbriae & they are involved in attachment, motility & DNA transfer.
- facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells 2.Are long, hollow tubules
- Not all the bacteria have pili
- A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two pili5.Involve in biofim
Pili
What structure external to the cell wall is this?
_______-They have a tendency to adhere to each other and to surfaces. As a result, they are involved in forming biofilms.
- Sticky, bristle-like projections
- Act as an electrical wire in biofilm
- Ex:fimbriae help Neisseria gonorrhoeae colonize mucous membranes.
Fimbriae
The Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan =
Protein + sugar (NAM, NAG)
NAM=
N-acetylmuramic acid
NAG=
N-acetylglucosomine
The Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan =Protein + sugar (NAM, NAG):
________-
- tick layer of Peptidoglycan
- teichoic acids(-)
Gram positive
The Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan =Protein + sugar (NAM, NAG):
________-*Lipopolysaccharide (Lipid A which is an endotoxin)
- Periplamic space
- Penicillin resistance
Gram negative
The Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan =Protein + sugar (NAM, NAG):
__________-
Ex: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (sterol rich cell membrane)
*Function of cell wall:Provide structure & shape. Assist in attachment or resist antimicrobial drugs
No cell wall
Structures Internal to the cell wall:
_______-Structure:Phospholipid bilayerContains proteinsFluid mosaic model
-FunctionsSelective permeabilitySite of cell wall formation
The plasma Membrane
Structures Internal to the Cell Wall
The plasma membrane
- Passive processes
__________: a net movement of chemical down its concentration gradient .
Diffusion
Structures Internal to the Cell Wall
The plasma membrane
- Passive processes
_______-(internal protein provide pathway)
Facilitated
Structures Internal to the Cell Wall
The plasma membrane
- Passive processes
__________-: diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (isotonic, hypertonic,& hypotonic)
Osmosis
Structures Internal to the Cell Wall
The plasma membrane
2._________ (needs ATP)
*Group translocation: substance chemically changes during transport across membrane & getting trapped inside cell. Ex: Glucose (phosphate group is added).
Active processes
Structures Internal to the Cell Wall Cytoplasm of Bacteria (cytosol, inclusions, ribosomes & cytoskeleton)
________-
- Water + dissolved substances
- Chromosome
- Plasmids
- Site of chemical reaction (enzymes within the cytosol function to produce amino acids & degrade sugar)
Cytosol
Structures Internal to the Cell Wall Cytoplasm of Bacteria (cytosol, inclusions, ribosomes & cytoskeleton)
________-
- Site of protein synthesis
- The approximate size of ribosomes is expressed in svedbergs (s) & is determined by their sedimentation rate.
- Many antibacterial drugs act on bacterial 70s ribosomes without effects on the larger 80s ribosomes of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosomes
Structures Internal to the Cell Wall Cytoplasm of Bacteria (cytosol, inclusions, ribosomes & cytoskeleton)
_______-Internal network of fibers•Plays a role in forming a cell’s basic shape
Cytoskeleton
Inclusions: are reserve deposits of lipids, starch, & etc)
_____-Energy reserve;Inorganic phosphate in algae, fungi, protozoa,& bacteria(Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
Metachromatic:
Inclusions: are reserve deposits of lipids, starch, & etc)
______-Energy reserve; glycogen & starch
Polysaccharide
