Functional Anatomy Of The Nervous System Flashcards
What are upper motor neurones?
Transmit information from the brain to lower motor neurones and interneurons in the spinal cord
4 areas of the brain?
Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brain stem and the Cerebellum
Two types of gyri?
Fissures and Sulci
How is the cerebellum divided into two hemispheres?
By a longitudinal fissure
What is the name of the outer layer of grey matter?
Cerebral cortex
What do association fibres do?
Cell body which takes information to other parts in the same cerebral hemisphere
What are commisural fibres?
Travels to the other hemisphere. Corpus callosum is a broad band of nerve fibres, joining the two hemispheres of the brain
What are the 4 hemispheres in the brain?
Frontal cortex, Parietal cortex, Temporal cortex and Occipital cortex
What does the frontal lobe do?
Controls behaviour, movement, planning and execution, speech, personality, emotion and memories
What happens at the promoter area in the frontal cortex?
Initiation and planning of movement. If there were to be damage it may lead to apraxia
What happens at the primary motor centre?
initiation and control of voluntary movement. If damaged were to occur there would be paralysis of the contra lateral side of the body.
What occurs at the motor speech area (Broca’s area)?
Left hemisphere in most people. It translates thought into speech
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Interpretation of somantic sensation, body awareness and spatial awareness
Function of the temporal lobe?
Interpretation of speech
What happens at the primary auditory area of the temporal lobe?
Interprets basic characteristics of sound e.g. Pitch
What happens at wernickes area of the temporal lobes?
Determines if sound is speech, music or noise and interprets the meaning of speech into thoughts
Function of the occipital lobe?
Involved with the interpretation of visual input such as the intensity of light, colour and relates past visual experiences
Function of the brain stem?
Sensory and motor pathway. Important control centre for process such as respiratory, cardiac and vasomotor. Also contains nuclei of the cranial nerve
What makes up the Diencephalon?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
Function of the thalamus in the Diencephalon?
Principle relay station for sensory input
Interprets some crude sensations
Functions of the hypothalamus in the Diencephalon?
Regulates homeostasis through influence of autonomic system and pituitary gland.
Function of the limbic system?
Important for controlling emotional response to a given situation or memory
Function of the cerebellum?
Interaction between the cerebellum and motor areas of the brain= smooth coordinator balance and movement
What are lower motor neurones?
Neurones with cell bodies in the spinal cord and brain stem, whose axons directly innervate at skeletal muscle
