Functional Anatomy - Integumentary Flashcards
What are the 3 main components of tissue?
Cells, intracellular products and fluid
What are cells?
One type forms the majority and gives the tissue its name
What are intracellular products?
Produced by cells and lie in the spaces between them
What does collagen fibres do?
Give strength
What allows tissue to stretch?
Elastic fibres
What do Mast cells produce?
Histamine
What do macrophages engulf?
Foreign particles
What makes up intracellular products?
Collagen fibres, elastic fibres, mast cells and macrophages
What is the fluid in tissue?
Interstitial fluid flows between the tissues and bathes the cells
What are the 4 main classifications of tissue?
Muscle, nervous, epithelial and connective
What are the protein fibres in muscle tissue?
Actin and Myosin
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac and smooth
What does nervous tissue do?
Controls and coordinates body activity
What are nerve cells called?
Neurons
What is a nerve made up of?
Many neurons held together by connective tissue
Where are nerve tissue impulses sent?
To the CNS
Where does epithelial tissue cover?
Covers the outside of the body
Where does epithelial tissue line?
The body cavities and organs
How are cells arranged in epithelial tissue?
Cells are closely packed together with very little intercellular space
What does the bottom layer of epithelial tissue sit on?
A basement membrane of connective tissue
What are the functions of epithelium tissue?
Protection, absorption, secretion and keratinisation
What are the 2 arrangements of epithelium cells?
Simple and stratified
What are the 3 shapes of epithelium cells?
Squamous, cuboidal and columnar
What is transitional epithelium?
Consists of multiple layers of epithelial cells which can contract and expand
Why does transitional epithelium occur?
When cells change their shape and epithelium is stretched
What is glandular tissue?
Modified epithelial tissue
Why does glandular tissue occur?
Where epithelial secretion increases, the cells cluster together and sink below the surface to produce a gland
What secretions are produced by glandular tissue?
Enzymes, fats, mucus and hormones
What are the 2 types of glands?
Exocrine and endocrine
What is an exocrine gland?
Have a connection to the surface epithelium and pass secretions out via a duct
What is an endocrine gland?
No connection with the surface. Secrete hormones which travel to target site via the blood vascular system
How are exocrine glands classified?
Shape of their secretary part
Nature of their ducts:
- Simple
- Compound
What is an example of a mixed gland?
The pancreas
Why is the pancreas a mixed gland?
Exocrine - produces enzymes via the duodenum
Endocrine - produces insulin
What is the most abundant tissue?
Connective tissue
What does connective tissue consist of?
A viscous solution with cells and fibres embedded within it
What are the functions of connective tissue?
- Binds tissue together
- Support
- Transport system
- Stores energy
- Forms sheaths around organs to separate them
- Attaches skin to underlying tissues
What are the 5 categories of connective tissue?
- Loose CT
- Dense CT
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
Where is loose connective tissue found?
Beneath the skin (hypodermis), connecting organs and as a packing material between tissues
What category is adipose tissue?
Loose connective tissue
What does adipose tissue do?
Acts as an energy reserve and provides a layer of insulation and protection
What are the 2 types of adipose tissue?
White and brown
Where is dense connective tissue found?
Where great strength is needed
What is cartilage made of?
Collage and elastic fibres
What is the characteristics of cartilage?
Rigid but has some flexibility
Where does nutrients come from for cartilage?
Supplied by the fibrous connective tissue covering it called perichondrium
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline, elastic and fibro
What is haemopoietic tissue?
Jelly-like connective tissue
What does haemopoietic tissue do?
Forms the bone marrow in the long bones
What is haemopoietic tissue responsible for?
For the formation of blood cells
