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Veterinary Nursing Y1 > Functional Anatomy - Integumentary > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy - Integumentary Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main components of tissue?

A

Cells, intracellular products and fluid

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2
Q

What are cells?

A

One type forms the majority and gives the tissue its name

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3
Q

What are intracellular products?

A

Produced by cells and lie in the spaces between them

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4
Q

What does collagen fibres do?

A

Give strength

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5
Q

What allows tissue to stretch?

A

Elastic fibres

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6
Q

What do Mast cells produce?

A

Histamine

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7
Q

What do macrophages engulf?

A

Foreign particles

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8
Q

What makes up intracellular products?

A

Collagen fibres, elastic fibres, mast cells and macrophages

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9
Q

What is the fluid in tissue?

A

Interstitial fluid flows between the tissues and bathes the cells

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10
Q

What are the 4 main classifications of tissue?

A

Muscle, nervous, epithelial and connective

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11
Q

What are the protein fibres in muscle tissue?

A

Actin and Myosin

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth

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13
Q

What does nervous tissue do?

A

Controls and coordinates body activity

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14
Q

What are nerve cells called?

A

Neurons

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15
Q

What is a nerve made up of?

A

Many neurons held together by connective tissue

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16
Q

Where are nerve tissue impulses sent?

A

To the CNS

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17
Q

Where does epithelial tissue cover?

A

Covers the outside of the body

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18
Q

Where does epithelial tissue line?

A

The body cavities and organs

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19
Q

How are cells arranged in epithelial tissue?

A

Cells are closely packed together with very little intercellular space

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20
Q

What does the bottom layer of epithelial tissue sit on?

A

A basement membrane of connective tissue

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21
Q

What are the functions of epithelium tissue?

A

Protection, absorption, secretion and keratinisation

22
Q

What are the 2 arrangements of epithelium cells?

A

Simple and stratified

23
Q

What are the 3 shapes of epithelium cells?

A

Squamous, cuboidal and columnar

24
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

Consists of multiple layers of epithelial cells which can contract and expand

25
Q

Why does transitional epithelium occur?

A

When cells change their shape and epithelium is stretched

26
Q

What is glandular tissue?

A

Modified epithelial tissue

27
Q

Why does glandular tissue occur?

A

Where epithelial secretion increases, the cells cluster together and sink below the surface to produce a gland

28
Q

What secretions are produced by glandular tissue?

A

Enzymes, fats, mucus and hormones

29
Q

What are the 2 types of glands?

A

Exocrine and endocrine

30
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

Have a connection to the surface epithelium and pass secretions out via a duct

31
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

No connection with the surface. Secrete hormones which travel to target site via the blood vascular system

32
Q

How are exocrine glands classified?

A

Shape of their secretary part
Nature of their ducts:
- Simple
- Compound

33
Q

What is an example of a mixed gland?

A

The pancreas

34
Q

Why is the pancreas a mixed gland?

A

Exocrine - produces enzymes via the duodenum
Endocrine - produces insulin

35
Q

What is the most abundant tissue?

A

Connective tissue

36
Q

What does connective tissue consist of?

A

A viscous solution with cells and fibres embedded within it

37
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A
  • Binds tissue together
  • Support
  • Transport system
  • Stores energy
  • Forms sheaths around organs to separate them
  • Attaches skin to underlying tissues
38
Q

What are the 5 categories of connective tissue?

A
  • Loose CT
  • Dense CT
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Blood
39
Q

Where is loose connective tissue found?

A

Beneath the skin (hypodermis), connecting organs and as a packing material between tissues

40
Q

What category is adipose tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue

41
Q

What does adipose tissue do?

A

Acts as an energy reserve and provides a layer of insulation and protection

42
Q

What are the 2 types of adipose tissue?

A

White and brown

43
Q

Where is dense connective tissue found?

A

Where great strength is needed

44
Q

What is cartilage made of?

A

Collage and elastic fibres

45
Q

What is the characteristics of cartilage?

A

Rigid but has some flexibility

46
Q

Where does nutrients come from for cartilage?

A

Supplied by the fibrous connective tissue covering it called perichondrium

47
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, elastic and fibro

48
Q

What is haemopoietic tissue?

A

Jelly-like connective tissue

49
Q

What does haemopoietic tissue do?

A

Forms the bone marrow in the long bones

50
Q

What is haemopoietic tissue responsible for?

A

For the formation of blood cells

Veterinary Nursing Y1 (5 decks)

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