Functional Anatomy - Integumentary

Question 1

What are the 3 main components of tissue?

Answer 1

Cells, intracellular products and fluid

Question 2

What are cells?

Answer 2

One type forms the majority and gives the tissue its name

Question 3

What are intracellular products?

Answer 3

Produced by cells and lie in the spaces between them

Question 4

What does collagen fibres do?

Answer 4

Give strength

Question 5

What allows tissue to stretch?

Answer 5

Elastic fibres

Question 6

What do Mast cells produce?

Answer 6

Histamine

Question 7

What do macrophages engulf?

Answer 7

Foreign particles

Question 8

What makes up intracellular products?

Answer 8

Collagen fibres, elastic fibres, mast cells and macrophages

Question 9

What is the fluid in tissue?

Answer 9

Interstitial fluid flows between the tissues and bathes the cells

Question 10

What are the 4 main classifications of tissue?

Answer 10

Muscle, nervous, epithelial and connective

Question 11

What are the protein fibres in muscle tissue?

Answer 11

Actin and Myosin

Question 12

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 12

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth

Question 13

What does nervous tissue do?

Answer 13

Controls and coordinates body activity

Question 14

What are nerve cells called?

Answer 14

Neurons

Question 15

What is a nerve made up of?

Answer 15

Many neurons held together by connective tissue

Question 16

Where are nerve tissue impulses sent?

Answer 16

To the CNS

Question 17

Where does epithelial tissue cover?

Answer 17

Covers the outside of the body

Question 18

Where does epithelial tissue line?

Answer 18

The body cavities and organs

Question 19

How are cells arranged in epithelial tissue?

Answer 19

Cells are closely packed together with very little intercellular space

Question 20

What does the bottom layer of epithelial tissue sit on?

Answer 20

A basement membrane of connective tissue

Question 21

What are the functions of epithelium tissue?

Answer 21

Protection, absorption, secretion and keratinisation

Question 22

What are the 2 arrangements of epithelium cells?

Answer 22

Simple and stratified

Question 23

What are the 3 shapes of epithelium cells?

Answer 23

Squamous, cuboidal and columnar

Question 24

What is transitional epithelium?

Answer 24

Consists of multiple layers of epithelial cells which can contract and expand

Question 25

Why does transitional epithelium occur?

Answer 25

When cells change their shape and epithelium is stretched

Question 26

What is glandular tissue?

Answer 26

Modified epithelial tissue

Question 27

Why does glandular tissue occur?

Answer 27

Where epithelial secretion increases, the cells cluster together and sink below the surface to produce a gland

Question 28

What secretions are produced by glandular tissue?

Answer 28

Enzymes, fats, mucus and hormones

Question 29

What are the 2 types of glands?

Answer 29

Exocrine and endocrine

Question 30

What is an exocrine gland?

Answer 30

Have a connection to the surface epithelium and pass secretions out via a duct

Question 31

What is an endocrine gland?

Answer 31

No connection with the surface. Secrete hormones which travel to target site via the blood vascular system

Question 32

How are exocrine glands classified?

Answer 32

Shape of their secretary part Nature of their ducts: - Simple - Compound

Question 33

What is an example of a mixed gland?

Answer 33

The pancreas

Question 34

Why is the pancreas a mixed gland?

Answer 34

Exocrine - produces enzymes via the duodenum Endocrine - produces insulin

Question 35

What is the most abundant tissue?

Answer 35

Connective tissue

Question 36

What does connective tissue consist of?

Answer 36

A viscous solution with cells and fibres embedded within it

Question 37

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 37

- Binds tissue together - Support - Transport system - Stores energy - Forms sheaths around organs to separate them - Attaches skin to underlying tissues

Question 38

What are the 5 categories of connective tissue?

Answer 38

- Loose CT - Dense CT - Cartilage - Bone - Blood

Question 39

Where is loose connective tissue found?

Answer 39

Beneath the skin (hypodermis), connecting organs and as a packing material between tissues

Question 40

What category is adipose tissue?

Answer 40

Loose connective tissue

Question 41

What does adipose tissue do?

Answer 41

Acts as an energy reserve and provides a layer of insulation and protection

Question 42

What are the 2 types of adipose tissue?

Answer 42

White and brown

Question 43

Where is dense connective tissue found?

Answer 43

Where great strength is needed

Question 44

What is cartilage made of?

Answer 44

Collage and elastic fibres

Question 45

What is the characteristics of cartilage?

Answer 45

Rigid but has some flexibility

Question 46

Where does nutrients come from for cartilage?

Answer 46

Supplied by the fibrous connective tissue covering it called perichondrium

Question 47

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 47

Hyaline, elastic and fibro

Question 48

What is haemopoietic tissue?

Answer 48

Jelly-like connective tissue

Question 49

What does haemopoietic tissue do?

Answer 49

Forms the bone marrow in the long bones

Question 50

What is haemopoietic tissue responsible for?

Answer 50

For the formation of blood cells