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NCSF EXAM PREP > Functional Anatomy and Training Instructions > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy and Training Instructions Flashcards

1
Q

Bone disease which causes skeletal structures to become brittle and fragile, often leading to fractures and disability.

A

Osteoporosis

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2
Q

Skeleton consists of two segments, what are they?

A

axial and appendicular

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3
Q

Transverse cartilage plates located near the end of long bones are responsible for increases in vertical growth during childhood/adolescence.

A

Epiphyseal plate

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4
Q

What are the four bone types called? Simple names

A

Short, Long, Flat, and Irregular

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5
Q

The intersection of two bones is called?

A

Joints

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6
Q

Uses synovial fluid to reduce frictional stresses and allow for considerable movement between the associated articulating bones.

A

Synovial Joint

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7
Q

Hold bones together at joints.

A

Ligaments

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8
Q

Connects muscles to bones

A

Tendons

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9
Q

Fibrous connective tissue that encapsulates full muscles as well as bundles of fibers; provides the muscle’s shape and regulates tension/transfer of force across joints

A

Muscle Fascia

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10
Q

Nerve information is carried via

A

Action Potential

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11
Q

Motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

A

Motor Unit

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12
Q

__________ is dictated by motor unit firing rate, recruitment and synchronicity.

A

Force Production

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13
Q

Muscle that contracts/shortens during a given exercise (e.g., biceps during a curl) *Not a contraction term

A

Agonist

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14
Q

Muscle that relaxes and lengthens during a given exercise to accommodate contraction of the agonist (e.g., triceps during a biceps curl) *Not a contraction term

A

Antagonist

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15
Q

Tension remains constant while joint angles change. (Muscle Contraction)

A

Isotonic

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16
Q

Occurs during the acceleration phase of a lift as the muscle shortens. (Muscle Contraction)

A

Concentric

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17
Q

Occurs during the deceleration phase of a lift as the muscle lengthens. (Muscle Contraction)

A

Eccentric

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18
Q

Tension is created but no joint angle changes; common in stabilizers. (Muscle Contraction)

A

Isometric

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19
Q

Involves a constant speed of movement; requires specialized rehab equipment. (Muscle Contraction)

A

Isokinetic

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20
Q

Splits the body into left and right halves; includes exercises that require forward-backward movement.
EX. Lunge

A

Sagittal Plan

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21
Q

Splits the body into front and back halves; includes exercises that require side-to-side movement.
EX. Lateral raises

A

Frontal Plan

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22
Q

Splits the body into top and bottom halves; includes exercises that require rotation.
EX. Oblique Twists

A

Transverse Plan

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23
Q

The median plane of the body.

A

Midline

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24
Q

Located before or in front.

A

Anterior

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25
Q

Located behind or toward the rear.

A

Posterior

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26
Q

Situated nearest to point of attachment or origin.

A

Proximal

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27
Q

Situated farthest from point of attachment or origin

A

Distal

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28
Q

Above another given structure

A

Superior

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29
Q

Below another given structure.

A

Inferior

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30
Q

Toward the midline or center of the body.

A

Medial

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31
Q

Situated or extending away from the midline of the body.

A

Lateral

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32
Q

On, or relating too, the same side of the body.

A

lpsilateral

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33
Q

On, or relating too, the opposite side of the body.

A

Contralateral

34
Q

Shallow proximity in relation to a surface.

A

Superficial

35
Q

Extending inward in relation to a surface layer.

A

Deep

36
Q

State of proper postural position that includes four major curvatures (promotes efficient movement).

a. Forward Spine
b. Backward Spine
c. Neutral Spine
d. Postural Spine

A

c. Neutral Spine

37
Q

An (inward) curvature of the spine.
Cervical and Lumbar regions of the spine.

(Spine)

A

Lordotic

38
Q

Convex (outward) spinal curvature.
Thoracic and sacral regions of the spine.

(Spine)

A

Kyphotic

39
Q

Joint complex that includes articulations between the sternum and clavicle (sternoclavicular joint) and the clavicle and scapula (acromioclavicular joint)

a. Shoulder girdle
b. Shoulder joint
c. Shoulder cuff

A

a. Shoulder girdle

40
Q

Efficiency of joint structures; primarily consists of bones and connective tissues. (Passive)

A

Form Closure

41
Q

Support of soft tissues which help maintain joint position; primarily consists of muscles and fascia. (Active)

A

Force Closure

42
Q

Refers to the force across body segments or chain of force transfer involved in properly moving the body.

A

Kinetic Chain

43
Q

Describes the cooperation and coordination between bodily systems.

(Understanding Human Function)

A

Integrated model of Function

44
Q

Suggests the body can manage environments and conditions efficiently, without undue stress or restriction.

(Understanding Human Function)

A

Function

45
Q

Suggests reduced performance efficiency and injury risk due to musculoskeletal deficiencies that create poor posture, faulty movement patterns, and/or incorrect biomechanics.

(Understanding Human Function)

A

Dysfunction

46
Q

Refers to neuromuscular activation within motor units to produce movement via appropriate force.

(Understanding Human Function)

A

Motor Control

47
Q

Includes ligaments, tendons, muscle, and fascia that provide support and stability.

(Understanding Human Function)

A

Force Closure

48
Q

Describes the structural aspects of the body and the specific architecture of joints; defining characteristics of joints stem from their structure, orientation, and shape:.

(Understanding Human Function)

A

Form Closure

49
Q

Identifies the relationship between the brain and working muscles during physical actions.

a. form
b. closure
c. emotion
d. neuron

(Understanding Human Function)

A

c. emotion

50
Q

Local stabilizers that support the spine/pelvis

a. Inner Unit
b. Outer Unit

(Muscular Units for Transfer of Force)

A

a. inner unit

51
Q

(myofascial sling systems) global stabilizers that work reactively to control body segments and provide functional force closure.

a. inner unit
b. outer unit

(Muscular Units for Transfer of Force)

A

b. outer unit

52
Q

Helps maintain proper intra-abdominal pressure to manage flexion/extension of the spine. Delayed firing of this muscle is associated with poor core stability and lower back pain

a. pelvic floor
b. diaphragm
c. multifidus
d. transverse abdominis (TVA)

(Inner Unit)

A

Transverse Abdominis (TVA)

53
Q

“Hoop tension”
which connect moving segments of the vertebrae – a circle of stability like a belt.

a. diaphragm
b. multifidus
c. transverse abdominis (TVA)
d. pelvic floor

(Inner Unit)

A

Multifidus

54
Q

Serves as a respiratory muscle and local stabilizer via top-down support; can serve both purposes simultaneously.

a. pelvic floor
b. diaphragm
c. multifidus
d. transverse abdominis (TVA)

(Inner Unit)

A

diaphragm

55
Q

Stabilizes the front and back by acting on the pelvis, may initiate and capture force within the inner unit.

a. (TVA)
b. multifidus
c. diaphragm
d. pelvic floor

(Inner Unit)

A

pelvic floor

56
Q

Integrates with central stabilizers to form a structural “force transfer bridge” between the lumbar spine and pelvic girdle.

(Outer Unit)

A

Posterior oblique sling system

57
Q

Complementarily opposes the posterior oblique system via the combined function of the obliques, adductors, and abdominal fascia.

(Outer Unit)

A

Anterior oblique sling system

58
Q

Includes the erector spinae and thoracolumbar fascia (low back), multifidus, and sacrotuberous ligament connecting with the hamstrings; extends to the lower extremities.

(Outer Unit)

A

Deep longitudinal sling system

59
Q

Includes the hip abductors, quadratus lumborum, and thigh adductors to provide frontal plane stability and aid in vertical/horizontal bipedal and climbing motions.

(Outer Unit)

A

Lateral sling system

60
Q

A lifted and outwardly-rotated scapular position; it appears to protrude posteriorly away from the ribcage - causes shoulder complex dysfunction and potential pain.

a. Lordosis
b. Kyphosis
c. Winged Scapulae
d. Upper Cross Syndrome

(Postural Distortions)

A

Winged Scapulae

61
Q

Upper body postural distortion that presents as a forward head, raised, internally-rotated, or rounded/forward shoulders with an exaggerated thoracic curvature; contributes to upper back pain, shoulder dysfunction and training limitations for the upper body.

a. Lordosis
b. Kyphosis
c. Winged Scapulae
d. Upper Cross Syndrome

(Postural Distortions)

A

Upper Cross Syndrome

62
Q

excessive convex curvature of the thoracic spine presenting as a bowed/rounded back; contributes to upper back pain and a significant decline in shoulder mobility

a. Lordosis
b. Kyphosis
c. Winged Scapulae
d. Upper Cross Syndrome

(Postural Distortions)

A

Kyphosis

63
Q

Excessive concavity or inward curvature of the lumbar spine; usually presents as part of the lower cross syndrome and contributes to lower back pain and hip dysfunction.

a. Lordosis
b. Kyphosis
c. Winged Scapulae
d. Upper Cross Syndrome

(Postural Distortions)

A

Lordosis

64
Q

Lower body distortion characterized by an undesirable anterior tilt of the pelvis with lordosis due to severe muscular imbalance in the lumbo-pelvic region; contributes to significant core instability, lower body training limitations and lower back pain.

a. Lordosis
b. Kyphosis
c. Winged Scapulae
d. Lower Cross Syndrome

(Postural Distortions)

A

Lower Cross Syndrome

65
Q

Activities aimed at restoring or enhancing joint function via improvements in the neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems.

A

Corrective Exercise

66
Q

Is developed to formulate a comprehensive training plan with starting points.

A

Needs analysis

67
Q

Dictates that areas/issues of greatest need are addressed as an initial priority in the training program before anything else.

A

Prioritization Model

68
Q

Repeated exposure to a movement pattern which enhances efficiency over time due to increased neuromuscular proficiency.

(Corrective Strategies)

A

Motor Rehearsal

69
Q

Force is applied to a distally-fixed position, forcing the body to stabilize segments across the kinetic chain – the body moves around the object.

A

Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise

70
Q

Force is applied to a moveable object around a distally-fixed position, reducing stability requirements but allowing for more isolated loading – the object moves around the body.

A

Open Kinetic Chain Exercise

71
Q

Military press

Open Kinetic Chain Exercise
or
Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise

A

Open

72
Q

Bench Press

Open Kinetic Chain Exercise
or
Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise

A

Closed

73
Q

Leg Curls

Open Kinetic Chain Exercise
or
Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise

A

Open

74
Q

Deadlift and Squat

Open Kinetic Chain Exercise
or
Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise

A

Closed

75
Q

Both working limbs are connected to the same load which minimizes the stability demands while increasing the potential for loading (two arms or two legs).

A

Closed Circuit Exercise

76
Q

Each limb must manage a separate load on its own which increases localized stability demands while increasing the potential for range of motion.

A

Open Circuit Exercise

77
Q

Barbell Bench Press

Leg Press

A

closed

78
Q

dumbbell chest press

A

open

79
Q

dumbbell Lunges

A

open

80
Q

leg press

A

closed

NCSF EXAM PREP (6 decks)

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