Exercise Physiology

Question 1

Inorganic compound capable of storing and providing high-energy phosphate elements to fuel muscular contractions.
(Phosphagen System)

Answer 1

Creatine phosphate (CP)

Question 2

Simple sugar molecule that is the primary source of metabolized fuel for the glycolytic energy system.

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

Storage form of carbohydrates (CHO) in the body metabolized to provide glucose; storage sites include skeletal muscles (300-400g) and the liver (75-100g)

Answer 3

Glycogen

Question 4

Metabolic process involving the breakdown of glucose through a series of reactions to provide energy (ATP) during anaerobic work.

Answer 4

Glycolysis

Question 5

Used by various tissues (e.g., heart) to fuel continuous work; it serves as an initial buffer for H+ created by anaerobic glucose metabolism.

a. Ischemia
b. Pyruvate
c. Lactic acid

Answer 5

c.

Question 6

The end-product of sugar metabolism during glycolysis in the presence of oxygen; is broken down further to provide ongoing aerobic energy through the Krebs cycle.

a. Pyruvate
b. Ischemia
c. Lactic acid

Answer 6

a.

Question 7

Low oxygen state caused by tissue acidity (via H+ or otherwise), the obstruction of arterial blood supply, or inadequate blood flow to a region.

a. Pyruvate
b. Ischemia
c. Lactic acid

Answer 7

b.

Question 8

A low oxygen state usually due to obstruction of arterial blood supply or inadequate blood flow leading to tissue hypoxia.

Answer 8

ischemia

Question 9

The creation of new glucose in the liver from other organic molecules, such as pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and amino acids.

Answer 9

Gluconeogenesis

Question 10

The cytoplasmic fluid which surrounds all organelles within a cell.

Answer 10

Cytosol

Question 11

Metabolic pathway wherein the mitochondrion utilizes fats, pyruvate from carbohydrates, and amino acids from protein to produce ATP in the presence of oxygen.

Answer 11

Aerobic System

Question 12

A measurement of energy use expressed as multiples of the resting metabolic rate; one MET equals an oxygen uptake rate of 3.5 ml of O2 per kg of body weight per min of work (3.5 ml·kg-1·min-1).

Answer 12

Metabolic Equivalent (MET)

Question 13

This system provides the energy for high power, high intensity activities.

a. Aerobic
b. Anaerobic

Answer 13

b.

Question 14

A series of enzymatic reactions that occur in the mitochondria involving aerobic metabolism of acetyl com- pounds which produce ATP for cellular energy; it is also known as citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
(Aerobic Metabolism)

Answer 14

Krebs Cycle

Question 15

Various classes of organic compounds composed of fatty acids or their derivatives; dietary sources include oils, fats, waxes, and cholesterol, while endogenous (internal) sources include free fatty acids, triglycerides, lipo- proteins, and phospholipids.

a. Carbohydrates
b. Protein
c. Lipids
d. Minerals

Answer 15

Lipids

Question 16

They serve as an important energy source and form much of the body’s stored fat.

a. Triglycerides
b. Protein
c. Saturated Fat

Answer 16

Triglycerides

Question 17

The storage form of fat tissue in the human body, which can be broken down for the liberation of necessary energy.

a. Lipid
b. Adipose
c. Aerobic
d. Storage

Answer 17

Adipose Tissue

Question 18

A specific enzyme capable of breaking down lipid molecules (fat stores) in the body.

a. FFA
b. Lipase
c. Lipose
d. None

Answer 18

Lipase

Question 19

Organic molecules consisting of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen that combine to form the basic elements of proteins.

a. acids
b. amino acids
c. beta alanine

Answer 19

Amino Acids

Question 20

Serve as a potential fuel source during long-duration exercise bouts, have a nitrogen-sparing effect, and can bypass the liver and become available for uptake by muscle directly from circulation.

Answer 20

Branched chain amino acids