Functional Anatomy Flashcards
The brain’s primary function is to
produce behavior
PNS nerves carry___ and __
sensory information to the CNS, NS nerves carry sensory information to the CNS
PNS nerves carry motor instructions from CNS to the
muscles and tissues
The
CNS
consists of
brain and spinal cord
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
prepares internal
organs for the rest
and
digest response via the
parasympathetic (calming) nerves or the fight
flight
response through the sympathetic (arousing) nerves
enteric nervous system (ENS)
formed by a mesh of
neurons embedded in the lining of the gut, controls the gut
Afferent
information is
sensory information
coming
INTO CNS
Efferent
information is
information
leaving the
CNS (outgoing
information)
Meninges is
Three layers of protective tissue
Dura mater vs Arachnoid layer vs Pia mater
“Hard mother”; tough outer layer of fibrous tissue, Like a spider web; thin sheet of delicate connective tissue,•
“Soft mother”; moderately tough inner layer that clings to the
brain’s surface
Gyrus is
A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the
cerebral cortex
Sulcus
A groove in brain matter, usually found in the neocortex or
cerebellum
Fissure
A very deep sulcus
Gray matte vs White matter
Areas of the nervous system predominantly composed of cellbodies and blood vessels, Areas of the nervous system rich in fat sheathed neural axons
Corpus callosum
Fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
Cerebrospinal fluid is and produces
Sodium chloride (NaCl) and other salt brain produces 1/5 of needed supply every hour
Meningitis is
Infection of the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF
)
The corpus callosum__contains about ___nerve fibers that join the
two hemispheres and allow them to communicate
a band of white matte,200 million
Two main types of cells
Neurons and Glial cells
Neurons do this
Carry out the brain’s major functions
Glial cells do this
Aid and modulate neurons’ activities
Axon is
The connection between neurons
Nerve are
Large collection of axons coursing together outside the CNS
Tract is
Large collection of axons coursing together within the CNS
Three major components of the CNS
Spinal cord
Brainstem
Forebrain
The brain stem
Receives afferent nerves coming from senses and
sends efferent nerves out to control movements
3 regions of the brain stem
Hindbrain
Midbrain
Diencephalon
The spinal cord
Controls most body movement
Cerebellum controls
complex movements and cognitive functions
Reticular activating system does this and the regulation of
Stimulates the forebrain
Regulation of sleep
wake behavior and behavioral arousal
Medulla is responsible for
Vital functions-
Control of breathing and heart rate
Pons do this
Controls important movements of the body
Tectum produces
orienting movement
Tegmentum produces
Eye and limb movements
specific behaviors
Perception of pain
Hypothalamus is known for
Temperature regulation, eating, drinking,
and sexual behavior.
Thalamus is known for
Information from all sensory systems is
integrated and projected into the appropriate region of theneocortex.
Hypothala is almost concerned __ it connects with
Hormone function
Through connections with the pituitary gland
Neocortex vs Allocortex
Constructs and responds to a perceptual world,controls motivational states and certain forms of memory
Cytoarchitectonic Map
organization and
characteristics of the
cells.
The Basal Ganglia is responsible for __ some related disorders are
voluntary and involuntary movement,Parkinson disease and Tourette syndrome
The Limbic System
regulation of Emotional and sexual behaviors
Memory
Spatial navigation
Dorsal fiber vs Ventral fiber
they carry information from the
body’s sensory receptors, carry information from the
spinal cord to themuscles
Sympathetic system vs paraSympathetic system
Arouses the body for action ( fight or flight response)
prepares the body to rest and digest
Reverses the fight
flight response
