functional anatomy Flashcards
what is the difference bettween fast and slow twitch fibers (8 for each)
slow
- red
- slow
- low force production
- there fiber diameter is small
- they are resistant to fatigue
- there type of activity is aerobic
- they have a high capillary density
- there major fuel source are triglycerides and glycogen
fast -white -fast -high forces production -large fiber diameter -they have no resistance to fatigue -there activity type is aerobic they have a low capillary density - there major fuel source is certatin phosphate and glycogen
what is an origin and an insertion point
- is the part off the body which does not move when the muscles contract
- and it is attached to the bone closest to the mid line off the body
insertion
- the intersection which is attached to the bone which moves more when the the muscles contracts
- it is further away from the midline off the body
what is an agonist and antagonist pair
agonist
- the muscel which is responsible for the movement it is also the muscel which moves towards the movement
antagonist
relaxes too allow the movement to occur
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name the agonist and antagonist in a bicep curl and a tricep extension
bicep curl- bicep agonist/ tricep antagonist
tricep extension- bicep antagonist/ triceps agonist
what is the role off a fixator (stabilisor)
fixators are involved in contractions by stabilizing the body whilst another body part is moving for example when trapezius stabilizes the scapula during a bicep curl by locking it into place this provides a nice ridged space for the biceps too pull in order too raise the bar
what are the the origin and insertion points for these muscles biceps triceps gastrocnemius trapezius deltoid quadriceps hamstrings
bicep/ origin scapula / insertion ulna and radius
triceps / origin scapula and hummers / insertion ulna
gastrocnemius / origin femur / insertion tarsals
trapezius / origin skull and vertebrae / insertion insertion scapula and clavicle
deltoid / origin clavicle and scapula / insertion hummers
quadriceps origin femur and pelvis / insertion tibia
hamstrings origin femur pelvis / insertion tibia
What is the function off blood and what are 4 components off blood and functions
Blood is the fluid that transports nutrients and wastes through the circulatory system
Plasma watery part off the blood made up off suspended substances
White blood cells Moves too sites off infection destroying bacteria and disease causing organisms
Red blood cells transports nutrients and oxygen carbon dioxide and waste products
Platelets responsible for blood clotting
what is the role of the circulatory system
Its primary role is to provide essential nutrients, minerals, and hormones to various parts of the body
Circulate blood to body
Transport O2, water and nutrients to cells in the blood
Transport CO2 and wastes away from the cells
Maintain body temperature
White blood cells fight infection
explain the structure and function of the heart
Muscular pump which contracts continuously to drive blood around the body through the blood vessels
About the size of your fist, pear shaped
Protected by the ribs, sternum and vertebral column
Heart is separated into 2 sides, consisting of 4 chambers
Left atrium (receives oxygenated blood)
Right atrium (receives deoxygenated blood)
Left ventricle (pumps oxygenated blood)
Right ventricle (pumps deoxygenated blood)
explain the circulation of blood through the heart
The Right Atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body (via the Vena Cavae) and pumps it to the lungs via the Right Ventricle (through the Pulmonary Artery) where it offloads the carbon dioxide and takes in oxygen.
This oxygenated blood then returns to the Left Atrium (via the Pulmonary Vein) and is pumped to the rest of the body by the Left Ventricle (via the Aorta)
Valves are located between the atrium and ventricles which ensure blood flows in only one direction – from the atrium to the ventricles.
explain the roles of blood vessels
Responsible for carrying blood from the heart, taking it to different parts of the body and then returning it to the heart.
ARTERIES:
Carry blood away from the heart
Blood is pushed through the arteries caused by contractions of the heart
Flow or surge of blood through the arteries with each heart beat can be felt near the surface of the skin – this is referred to as the PULSE
VEINS:
Carry blood towards the heart
Valves which allow the return of blood to the heart, but prevent the back flow of blood
CAPILLARIES:
Tiny blood vessel which reach every cell of the body
Allow the passing of oxygen to tissues and removal of carbon dioxide
explain the structure of the 3 blood vessels
arteries
thick muscular walls with no valves and carry high blood pressure blood
veins
thin collapsible walls with valves present and have blood with low BP
capillaries
very thin walls only one cell thin walls which branch from arterioles and venioles too form a network
what are the functions of the respritory system
Deliver oxygen from the atmosphere to the lungs
Provide method of gaseous exchange within the lungs
Oxygen enters the blood, carbon dioxide exits
Create speech as air passes over the vocal cords
Facilitate sense of smell
Expel heat and water vapor in the air breathed out
what are the functions of the respritory system
Deliver oxygen from the atmosphere to the lungs
Provide method of gaseous exchange within the lungs
Oxygen enters the blood, carbon dioxide exits
Create speech as air passes over the vocal cords
Facilitate sense of smell
Expel heat and water vapor in the air breathed out
explain the structure and function of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Nasal cavity & mouth
Where the air enters the respiratory system
Pharynx
Where the back of the mouth and nose meet
Larynx
Produces sound when air passes over the larynx
Trachea
Assists with air delivery. Also known as wind pipe.
Bronchi
2 tubes that provide air to the lungs
Bronchioles
Each bronchus subdivides into smaller branches called bronchioles
Alveoli
Cup shaped sacs found at the end of bronchioles
Surrounded by capillaries, they provide the site for continual exchange of 02 and CO2
This occurs by the process of diffusion – the movement of gas from an area of high concentration to low concentration
