Function words (from Weinreich) Flashcards by r mines

about/in regard to/concerning/with respect to

vegn; mekoyekh; benegeye; in prat fun;

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approximately

an erekh; b’erekh; mer-veiniker

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according to

loit

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on account of/because of/due to

tsulib; makhmes

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finally/at last/in the end

endlekh; tsu letst; sof-klsof; tsu sof; lesof; in der untershter shure

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after (conj)

nokh dem vi

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after (conj) example, “after I saw him…”

nokh dem vi ikh hob im gezen

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afterwards

nokh dem; dernokh; shpeter

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again

nokh a mol; vider a mol

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alike

gleikh; enlekh

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all told/in all/altogether

(be)sakh-hakl; a klal; in gantsn; arum un arum

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that’s all!

un shoin! un ois! poter!

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almost/nearly

kimat; bald; shier nit; korev tsu

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also

oikh; oikhet

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although/though

khotch; hagam

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always

shtendik; ale mol; tomed

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another (one more)

oikh a

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anybody

iederer; ieder einer

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anyhow/in any case

sai vi sai; azoi tsi azoi; vi es zol nit zain

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except/apart from/aside from

khuts; akhuts; mikhuts; droisn fun

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as/like/just like

vi; azoi vi; mayse

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as/while/during/at the same time as

az; ven; beshas; beys; in meshekh fun; bemeshekh; in ein tsait mit; beshas mayse; beys mayse; tsu glaikh; far (ein) vegs; far ein(s)

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as/by way of (e.g. as a loan)

alts; betoyres

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as soon as

bald vi; glaikh vi; vi nor

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as though

glaikh vi; a shteiger vi; punkt vi

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as well as/also

vi oikh

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barely/hardly/scarcely

koim, koim-koim; kimat nit

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basically/in essence /essentially/fundamentally

in grunt; in tokh; be’etsem

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that is/i.e.

dos heist; heist es

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because/since

vail; vorem; makhmes; azoi vi; vi bald

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because of

makhmes; tsulib

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before/previous to (prep)

far; frier fun

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before (conj)

eyder; erev

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beforehand, earlier

frier

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on behalf of

letoyves; fun…..s vegn; in nomen fun

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both … and

sai … sai; i … i; hen … hen

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briefly

in kurtsn; bekitser

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by (in passive, e.g. written by me)

fun; durkh

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in case/in the event that/if

tomer; oib; ven; az; beim’

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in any case/event

oif iedn fal; iednfals

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in that case

oib azoi; heist es

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cause, reason

di sibe

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certainly/by all means

oif zikher; avade; aderabe

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it isn’t certain that

s’iz nit kein reye az

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chiefly, mainly

der iker; der hoipt; iber hoipt; der ikersht; in tokh arain

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cite/quote

tsitirn

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clarify

klor makhn; oifklern

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clarity

klorkait

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how come/why?

vi kumt es? farvos? lemay? alemay?

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comparable

farglayklekh

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comparatively

lefi-erekh

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compare with

farglaykhen tsu

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compared to

legabe; in fargleikh mit

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completely/entirely

in gantsn; gor; far ful; legamre; kule; durkh un durkh; lakhlutn

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comprise/consist of

arainnemen; iz bashtein fun

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concept

der bagrif

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conclude

farendikn

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in conclusion

lesof

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on condition that/provided that/as long as

bitnay az

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in consequence of

vi a rezultat fun

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consequently

deriber; heist es; iz; bemeyle; nimtse

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considerable

nishkoshedik

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on the contrary

aderabe; farkert

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convince of

ibertsaign in; ainredn az

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contrast with

shteln zikh ontkegn

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during/in the course of

bemeshekh fun

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of course!

avade! zikher!

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crucial

kritish

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deal with

hobn tsu ton mit

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depending on

gevendt in; vi nokh

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depict

oismoln

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difference

untersheyd; khilek

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different/unlike

andersh; nit enlekh tsu; (gor) nit vi

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differentiate/distinguish between

unter sheidn; fanandersheidn

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directly

glaikh; teykef

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no doubt/doubtless

bli-sofek; bli-shum-sofek; on sofek

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downright/outright/explicit/clear

befeyresh; on shies

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doubtful

sofekdik

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effect (noun)

der efekt; di virkung

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effective

efektiv; virkevdik

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affect/have an effect on

virkn; oprufn zikh oif

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for example

a shteiger; tsum baishpil; lemoshl; ledugme

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either …. or

oder …. oder

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either one/one or the other (pronoun)

oder der, oder iener

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otherwise/ or

anit; anisht; andersh

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what else?

vos nokh?

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elsewhere; somewhere else

andersh vu; ergets andersh

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ending (noun)

der sof

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entail/give rise to

goyrem zain

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equally/just as

punkt azoi

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especially/particularly

der iker; der hoipt; bazundersh; bifrat; ver redt nokh; ver shmuest; bazunder; spetsiel’

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etcetera

un azoi vaiter; andere; ukhdoyme

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even

afile

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in the event of

in fal fun

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at all events

sai vi sai; alkoponim; bekhol-oifn; iednfals

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eventual

sofkl-sofik

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eventually

mit der tsait; sofkl sof

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ever since

fun demolt on

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every time

ale mol; ieder mol

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everybody/everyone

ieder einer; iederer; etlekher; ale

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everything

alts; altsding

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everywhere

umetum

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except that

nor vos

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give an example of

gebn a dugme fun

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to a certain extent

biz a gevizer mos

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extremely

gor; gor gor; biz gor

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in fact/actually/truly/indeed

faktish; aygentlekh; far vor; oif der vor; leoylem; aderabe; be’emes; oif der/an emes; take

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the fact that …

dos vos …

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first

ersht

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in the first place/at first

ershtns; koydem kol; tsu ersht; tsum ershtn; lekhatkhile; tkhiles; onheibs

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from the first

(bald) fun onheib

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consequently; it follows

nimtse

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available, in existence (adj)

benimtse

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as follows

azoi; ot vi; ot vi azoi

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as follows (before a quotation)

azoi tsu zogn

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following (adj): e.g. the following people

di vaiterdike mentchn

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in the following words (before a quotation)

beze’ haloshen

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fortunately

tsum glik

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furthermore

dertsu; khutz dem; i dos; oikh; vaiter

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gather/conclude/infer (verb)

dringen

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generally/in general/usually/as a rule

biklal; bederekh-klal; vi der shteiger iz; vi geveintlekh

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going to/intend

klaybn zikh

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on the one hand

fun eyn zait

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on the other hand

fun der ander zayt; tsurik geredt

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have this/take this/here (imperative)

na dir; nat aykh

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I will have you know

ir zolt visn zain

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therefore/hence

deriber; derfar; iz; alkeyn; bekheyn; bemeyle; lokhn

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henceforth

fun itst on

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here and there

ertervaiz

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hereabouts

do ergets

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hereby/with this/as a result of this/at that

dermit; derbai

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hereof/thereof/of or concerning this/that

derfun

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hereupon/because of this

deroif

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hitherto/until now/previously

biz aher; biz itst; lesate; adayem

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however/still/after all

ober; fundest’vegn; nishmer’; dokh; fort; nokh alts

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if not/otherwise

anit; anisht

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whether

tsi

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whether … or

tsi … tsi

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if only

oib nor; bodai; halevai

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if so

im-keyn

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in that (he is right in that…)

mit dem vos… (er is gerekht mit dem vos er …)

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inasmuch as

azoi vi; heyois vi

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including

arainrekhndik; ainshlisndik;besoykhem

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incomparable

nit tsu farglaykhn; umfarglayklekh

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insofar as

oif vifil

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-ish (suffix) e.g. bluish

-lekh (bloylekh)

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it (pronoun)

es; se

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itself/as such/very (e.g. adj: the very approach; adv: the very smallest)

adj: etsem; zelbiker; rekht; oyse (der etsem/zelbiker tsugan)
adv: same (der same klenster)

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of itself

fun zikh aleyn; bemeyle

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just (now)

okersht; grod; ot

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just (only)

nor; bloiz

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just (exactly)

punkt

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what kind of

voser; voser min; vos far a

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kinds of

azelkhe; mini; -erlai (added to numbers): e.g. tsveyerlai = two kinds of

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all kinds of

alerlai; kolerlerlai; kol-aminim

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kind of/sort of/more or less

mer-veiniker

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to a great extent/largely/mostly/for the most part

in a groiser mos; al pi rov

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lately/recently

letstns; anumlt; nit lang tsurik

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latter

letst; tsveit

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former

frierdik; ersht

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at least

tsum veinikstns; tsum vinstiktsns; khotch; lekhol’-hapo-khes; lepokhes

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to say the least/to put it mildly

eydl geredt

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not in the least; not at all

oif a hor nit; gor

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lest

k’dey … nit

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let us

lomir

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let me

lomikh

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instead/in lieu of

onshtot; oifn ort fun

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like/similar to

glaikh tsu; geglikhn tsu; enlekh tsu

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and the like

un dos glaikhn

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like that/in that way

ot vi; ot vi azoy; ot azoy

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likely (e.g. rain is likely)

shmekn (es shmekt mit regn)

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likewise

dos glaikhn

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literally

mamesh; os be-os’; kep-shute

look! lo!

ersht

as long as

kol-zman; abi

for a long time now

shoin lang; fun lang on

no longer/not any more

shoin nit; mer nit; ois

many/a lot

a sakh; a mase; a velt; a yam; a shlal; a guzme

it rains a lot/often

es regnt un regnt

there is a lot

s’iz faran un faran

no matter

alts eyns; es makht nit ois

no matter how good

vi gut es zol nit zain

no matter what

ove-tove

be a matter of

handlen zikh vegn

as a matter of fact

be-etsem

maybe/possibly

efsher; tomer; nit a mol? (in questions)

by means of

durkh

by no means/not at all

beshum-oyfen; be-ein oifn … nit; far kein fal … nit

meanwhile

dervail; in tsvishn; in dem beyne-lebeyne

mere/scanty/hardly any (adj)

nor; bloiz; loiter; nit mer vi; kimat nit

never mind

meyle; loz(t) tsu ru!

X of mine

mine/r a/n X

for the moment/at present

oif der rege

in a moment

in a rege; ot-ot

a moment ago

okersht; nor vos

nokh

more or less

fil-veinik; mer-veiniker

no more/not any longer

mer nit; ois

to be no more

zain ois

some more (with verbs - e.g. cook/write some more)

epes tsu (epes tsu kokhn/shraibn)

moreover/besides that

dertsu; akhuts dem; haint

most (adj)

merste; s’rov

for the most part (adj)

merstn teil; merstns

for the most part (adv)

tsum merstns

at most

nit mer vi; hekhstns; maximum

mostly

merstn teil; merstns

as much as

azoy fil vi

so much

azoy fil

not much

nit keyn sakh

not much of a/n X

knap; oikh mir a/n X

make much of

makhn a tsimes fun

namely

hayne; dehayne

naturally/of course

farshteit zikh; geveintlekh; natirlekh; vi der seyder iz

necessarily/only/none other than/nothing less than/ precisely/deliberately

davke

not necessarily

nit davke; lav-davke

if necessary

far noit

neither/not one or the other (adj)

nit der, nit iener; oikh nit

neither … nor

nit … nit

never

kein mol … nit

nevertheless

fundestvegn; fort; altz

next (adj)

noentst; kumendik; ander

next to last/penultimate

farlestst

what next?

vos vaiter?

nobody, no one

keiner … nit

none

keiner … nit; kein einer … nit

is that not so?

azo?

nothing

gornit; kein zach … nit

nothing but

loiter

now/at present

itst; atsind

once in a while/every now and then/occasionally

ale vaile; fun tsait tsu tsait; a mol; teil mol; tsaitnvaiz

just now (a moment ago)

nor vos

now that (conj.)

itst az

nowadays

heintike tsaitn

nowhere

in ergets nit

obviously, clearly

dokh

often

oft; oft mol; a sakh mol

once/one time

eyn mol

at once/immediately

teykef; glaikh; shoin; eins-tsvey

only/unique (adj)

eyntsik

only (adv)

nor; mer nisht; bloiz; nit mer vi

only/as recently as

ersht

only (conj)

nor; nayert (literary)

not only … but

nit nor … nor

not only

nit nor; loyday’

openly/overtly

beyoydim; bifreyse

oder; tsi

or possibly

eventuel

in order to/so/so as to/with an aim to

kedey tsu; bikhdey tsu; mitn tsvek tsu

ostensibly, allegedly, would-be, not really a

kloymersht; kmoi; oikh mir a ___; shier nit a ___

other (adj)

ander

each other

eyner dem andern

every other/alternating (e.g. every other page)

iber; ieder tsveite (a zait iber a zait; ieder tsveite zait)

one or the other

eints fun di tsvey

outwardly

droisndik; oiserlekh; klape-khuts

over and over/repeatedly

vider un ober

overall (adj)

koyledik

overly/in excess

iberik

overt/open

ofn

(one’s) own (adj)

eygn; leyblekh

on the part of

mitsad; fun X’s zait

partial/incomplete

teilvaiz

partly

teilvaiz; tsum teil

in passing

farbaigeindik; derekh-a’gev; agev-urkhe

pertain to

balangen tsu; onker zikh mit; zain shayekh; zain negeye

(not) to the point

(nit) tsu der zakh

that is the point

dos iz di zakh

there’s no point in

s’iz nit shayekh tsu

possible

miglekh

make possible

gebn di miglekhkait tsu

as … as possible (e.g. as fast as possible)

vos -er, bi tsum -stn (vos gikher, vi tsum glikhstn)

how is that possible?

staich?

Is it possible?

hayitokhn?

potentially

bekoyekh

have it in one’s power to

zain bikhoyles tsu

precisely

bediek; punkt

for the present/for now

dervail; lesate; oif der rege; lefisho’

presumably

mashmoes

quite/pretty/fairly (adj)

gants

probably

minastam; mashmoes; mistome; a svore az

most probable

gikher far alts

pursuant to/on the basis of/on the strength of

oifn smakh fun; kefi

at any rate/anyways

alcoponim; iedn fals; lekholadeyes

for no good reason; at random; just like that

stam; glat azoi; glat in der velt arain; umnisht

despite/regardless of

nit gekukt oif; umophendik fun

in relation to

legabe

relatively

lefie-erekh

respectively/in turn

in dem seyder

give rise to/effect

goyrem zain

for the sake of

tsulib; leshem

for x’s sake

fun x’s vegn

same (adj)

zelbiker; eigener; nemlekher

all the same

alts eins

seemingly/on the face of it/apparently

a ponem

in the sense of

betoyres

seriously/joking aside

oif an emes; on katoves

in short

in kurtsn; a kitser; mit ain vort

nothing short of

nit davke

soon/in short order

bald; bekorev; in gikhn; kirtslekh

not by a long shot

vait nit azoy

since/then

fun X on (adv); zint (conj)

slightly

a bisl; adj-lekh (slightly naive=naivlekh)

so/thus/in that way

azoi; azoi arum

so/then/therefore

iz; to; heist es; ….zhe; consecutive word order (verb-first)

so be it

zol zain azoy

is that so?

azoi gor? take? gor azoi? emes?

so what?

iz vos?

so-and-so

der un der; di un di; aza un aza

for some time

a shtik tsait

some people

a teil menchn

some/a certain (e.g. some/a certain child)

epes a kind

somebody

emetser

somehow

vi es iz; vi nit iz

something

epes; vos es iz; vos nit iz

something of a/n X

a shtikl X

sometime (adv)

a mol

sometimes

a mol; oft mol; ven es iz

somewhat/kind of

a bisl; epes

somewhere

in ergets; ergets vu

somewhere else

andersh vu

so-so

nishkoshe

in spite of/despite

nit gekukt oif/nit kukndik oif

considerably/substantially

hipsh; mamoshesdik

successively/one after the other

nokh anand

such

aza; azelkher; azoiner

such and such

dos un dos

suddenly

plutsling; plutsem; mit a mol; mit ein mol

there’s no telling who/where …

male ver/vu ….

that (adj)

der; di; dos; iener

that (pronoun)

dos; iens

not that (conj)

nit vos

in that (conj)

mit dem vos

the … the (e.g. the wider the stronger)

vos -er, alts -er (vos breiter alts shtarker)

an X of theirs

zeyer a/n X

then/at that time

demolt

then/later/after that

vaiter

then again

tsurik geredt

there (adv)

dort

there (in pointing)

to there/thither

ahin

there is/are (expletive)

es, se, ‘s

there is/there are

es is/zainen do

there is not/there are not

es iz nito keyn; es zainen nito keyn

there was not/there were not

es iz nit geven; es zainen nit geven

thereabouts

dortn ergets

thereof/pertaining to it (adv)

derfun

this (adj)

der, di, dos

these (adj)

this (emphatic adj)

to der, di, dos, di; der doziker

this & that (misc. things)

dos un ients

throughout (adv)

durkhois

throughout (prep) - (eg throughout the house)

thurkh; in gor (in gor der shtub)

until/up to/all the way to

(azh) biz

at any time

tsu ieder tsait; abi ven

time and again

ober un vider

by that time

biz demolt

on time/promptly

tsu der tsait; bai tsaitns

have time for

bavizn tsu

tolerably

nishkoshe

tomorrow

morgn

day after tomorrow

iber morgn

underneath (prep)

unter

underneath (adv)

untn; in der nider

on the understanding that

mit tnay az

unfortunately

tsum badoiren; tsum umglick; a shod vos

unless

saidn

be unlikely to (he’s unlikely to come)

X mistome nit (er vet mistome nit kumen)

obvious, unmistakeable

boylet

unnecessarily

umzist

unnecessary

unzistik

unusual(ly)

umgeveintlekh

upper

eiber; eibersht

uppermost (adj)

eibersht

uppermost (adv)

same oibn

in this vein

in dem ton

very (adj)

zeyer; shtark

via/by way of

iber; durkh

point of view

kukvinkl

on account of

mitn koyekh fun; smakh fun

vis-a-vis/in regard to

kegn iber; antkegn; klape

wanting/lacking/disappointing (he found it wanting)

nit dos (bai im iz es geven nit dos)

all the way (to, from, etc)

azh

by the way/incidentally

agev

in a way

leoylem; vi nit iz

any way (they please)

vi nor (zey viln)

you’re welcome (response to ‘thank you’)/not at all; think nothing of it

aderabe; nito farvos

well? (impatience)

Nu?

oh, well (resignation)

meyle

well/so (resumption of discussion)

well, well! (surprise)

ze(t) nor ze(t)! te-te-te!

what for

lemay; tsu vos; nokh vos

what’s more

nokh mer

what/which (what/which coat to wear)

velkher; voser (velkher/voser mantl tsu trogn)

what a (admiration, surprise)

sara

whatchamacallit/whatsitcalled/thingy (noun)

vi-ruft-men-es

whatever/whatsoever

vos nor; vos es zol nit zain; voser; velkher

whenever

ven; ven nor

when? (interrogative)

ven

when (conj)

ven, az

where

to where

vuhin

from where

fun vanen

whereas/considering that

heyois (vi)

whereas/on the contrary/although

beshas; ven

whereupon/when

oif dem kukndik; nokh

wherever

vu; vu nor

whether

tsi

whether … or

tsi … tsi

which? (interrogative)

voser? velker?

which one? (of a sequence) (Which one? The third.)

der viflter (Der viflter? Der driter.)

What’s today’s date?

Der viflter is haint?

while a/as a (while a child)

-vaiz (kindvaiz)

while + gerund (while eating)

baim + infinitive (baim esn)

gerund (esndik)

who? (interrog)

ver?

who (relative)

vos; velkher

whoever

ver; ver nor; ver es zol nit zain

whose? (interrog)

vemens?

whose (relative)

vos zain/ir/zeyer

why on earth?

vos epes?

I wish that/would that/if only (I wish he were here)

halevai volt (halevai volt er do geven)

within/inside (prep)

in; ineveinik

within two minutes

in nit mer vi tsvei minut

without/lacking

do without

bagein zikh on

worthwhile

kedai

next year

iber a yor

this year

hayor; haintiks yor

last year

far a yorn

every year

ale yor

yesterday

nekhtn

day before yesterday

eyer nekhtn

not yet

nokh (alts) nit

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Function words (from Weinreich) Flashcards

Pretty well complete list of all function words from the English-Yiddish section of Weinreich, including common transitions and some useful literary terms.

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