Function Of The CVS 2

Question 1

Describe the aorta in terms of its structure and function.

Answer 1

The aorta is an elastic artery with a wide lumen, low resistance, and thick elastic walls that help absorb pressure changes during heart contractions.

Question 2

What are muscular arteries and how do they differ from elastic arteries?

Answer 2

Muscular arteries have thick walls but are non-elastic, containing muscle that can contract or relax to control resistance.

Question 3

Define arterioles and their role in the circulatory system.

Answer 3

Arterioles are small blood vessels with a narrow lumen and thick contractile walls that regulate blood flow and resistance, allowing for redirection of blood flow.

Question 4

How do capillaries differ from arteries and arterioles in terms of size and structure?

Answer 4

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels with a narrow lumen, approximately the diameter of a red blood cell, and have very thin walls.

Question 5

Explain the significance of elastin in the walls of the aorta.

Answer 5

Elastin in the aorta’s walls allows for elasticity, enabling the aorta to stretch during heart contractions and return to its original size during relaxation, aiding in blood flow.

Question 6

What is the function of arterioles in regulating blood flow during different activities like exercise?

Answer 6

Arterioles control blood flow by contracting or relaxing, thereby adjusting resistance and directing blood to specific areas such as increasing blood flow to active muscles during exercise.

Question 7

Describe the structure of capillaries.

Answer 7

Capillaries are one layer of endothelial cells thick, providing a large surface area to volume ratio for efficient exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 8

What is the function of veins and venules in the circulatory system?

Answer 8

Veins and venules are capacitance vessels that store blood, with wide lumens for low resistance to blood flow and thin, distensible walls to accommodate blood storage.

Question 9

Define arterioles in the circulatory system.

Answer 9

Arterioles are resistance vessels with narrow lumens that help control the regional redirection of blood flow.

Question 10

How does the aorta function during the ejection phase of the heart cycle?

Answer 10

The aorta, being an elastic artery, stretches out as blood is squeezed from the left ventricle into it during the ejection phase.

Question 11

Describe the role of muscular arteries in the circulatory system.

Answer 11

Muscular arteries have wide lumens for low resistance to blood flow, serving as conduits for blood between the aorta and arterioles.

Question 12

Explain the significance of the thin wall of capillaries in gas exchange.

Answer 12

The thin wall of capillaries, being only one layer of cells thick, facilitates the diffusion of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissues.

Question 13

the function of capillaries in the circulatory system.

Answer 13

Caparies are tiny blood where oxygen diffuses into tissues and organs while carbon dioxide diffuses out.

Question 14

Define capacitance vessels in the circulatory system.

Answer 14

Veins and venules are referred to as capacitance vessels due to their ability to store blood.

Question 15

How are the walls of veins described in terms of flexibility and blood storage capacity?

Answer 15

Veins have distensible walls that can increase in diameter to store more blood.

Question 16

Do the right and left sides of the heart pump blood to the same or different circulatory systems?

Answer 16

The right side pumps blood to the pulmonary circulation, while the left side pumps blood to the systemic circulation.

Question 17

Describe the role of the interventricular septum in the heart.

Answer 17

The interventricular septum separates the two pumping chambers (ventricles) of the heart.

Question 18

How are the atria and ventricles differentiated in terms of function in the heart?

Answer 18

Atria are receiving chambers where blood returns, while ventricles are pumping chambers that propel blood out of the heart.

Question 19

What is the function of the aorta in the circulatory system?

Answer 19

The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation.

Question 20

Describe the role of the vena cava in the circulatory system.

Answer 20

The vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart.

Question 21

How does the pulmonary trunk function in the circulatory system?

Answer 21

The pulmonary trunk receives deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle and bifurcates into left and right pulmonary arteries to carry blood to the lungs.

Question 22

Describe the pathway of oxygenated blood in the heart starting from the left atrium.

Answer 22

Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins, fills the left ventricle, and is pumped out into the aorta to circulate the body.

Question 23

What is the function of the aortic valve in the heart?

Answer 23

The aortic valve directs the flow of blood between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Question 24

How many cusps do semi-lunar valves typically have, and why are they called semi-lunar valves?

Answer 24

Semi-lunar valves have three cusps and are named so because they are supposed to resemble half-moon shapes.

Question 25

Define systole and diastole in relation to the heart’s function.

Answer 25

Systole is when the heart contracts to pump blood out, while diastole is when the heart relaxes to fill with blood.

Question 26

Describe the tricuspid valve in the heart and its location.

Answer 26

The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, characterized by having three flaps or cusps.

Question 27

Explain the significance of the mitral valve and its design.

Answer 27

The mitral valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle, has two cusps and is said to resemble a bishop’s mitre.

Question 28

What is the role of the mitral and tricuspid valves in the heart?

Answer 28

The mitral and tricuspid valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria.

Question 29

How do the mitral and tricuspid valves prevent regurgitation of blood in the heart?

Answer 29

The valves close during systole to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria, ensuring one-way blood flow.

Question 30

Describe the function of chordae tendinae in the heart valves.

Answer 30

Chordae tendinae prevent heart valves from inverting by maintaining tension on them.

Question 31

How do papillary muscles contribute to preventing heart valve inversion?

Answer 31

Papillary muscles contract simultaneously with the ventricles to maintain tension on chordae tendinae, preventing valve inversion.

Question 32

Define the term ‘chordae tendinae’ in relation to the heart.

Answer 32

Chordae tendinae are tendinous cords, also known as heart strings, that are attached to heart valves to prevent them from inverting.

Question 33

How do heart valves open and close in response to pressure changes in the heart?

Answer 33

Heart valves open and close passively in response to changes in pressure within the heart.

Question 34

Describe the structure of the tricuspid valve in the heart.

Answer 34

The tricuspid valve has three cusps or flaps, distinguishing it from other heart valves.

Question 35

Explain the role of the mitral valve in the heart.

Answer 35

The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, has two cusps and is responsible for preventing backflow of blood into the left atrium.