function of organs

Question 1

mouth

Answer 1

chemical and mechanical digestion

Question 2

mouth

teeth

Answer 2

incisors: cut food
canines: tear food
premolars + molars: grind food

Question 3

mouth

saliva

Answer 3

break down carbs, lubricates food, stimulates taste buds

Question 4

mouth

salivary glands

Answer 4

to produce saliva

Question 5

esophagus

Answer 5

connects mouth to stomach

structure: hollow tubed lined with involuntary smooth muscle and mucosa

Question 6

stomach

Answer 6

digestion

structure: j-shaped, expand up to 1.5L, pH=2-3, 1 layer of gastric glands, 3 layers of muscle to churn food

Question 7

stomach

cardiac sphincter

Answer 7

esophagus to stomach

Question 8

stomach

pyloric sphincter

Answer 8

exit the stomach

Question 9

small intestine

Answer 9

digestion and absorption

structure: 7m long, 2.5cm wide

Question 10

small intestine

sections

Answer 10

duodenum: first 30cm, most digestion occurs here, receiving secretions from pancreas and gallblader

jejunum: next 3m, final digestion, start absorption

illeum: last 4m, absorption

Question 11

small intestine

villi

Answer 11

finger-like projections along walls of small intestine to increase surface area for absorption

Question 12

large intestine

Answer 12

absorption of water and minerals, waste removal

Question 13

liver

Answer 13

detoxifies harmful substances, produces bile, converts glucose to glycogen and stores it

structure: largest internal organ, located beneath diaphragm on right side

Question 14

pancreas

Answer 14

produce insulin, produces enzymes to release through pancreatic duct to small intestine

structure: spongy texture, tucked under between stomach and small intestine

Question 15

gallblader

Answer 15

stores bile, releases through bile duct to small intestine when fat is present

structure: small, located in groove under the liver