Function of CVS

Question 1

Functions of CVS

Answer 1

Bulk flow system

• O2
• Nutrients
• metabolites
• hormones
• heat

Question 2

Main function of CVS

Answer 2

To supply oxygen to tissues

Question 3

What organ of the body receives the most blood flow?

Answer 3

Abdo organs

Question 4

Equation for pressure difference

Answer 4

MAP - CVP

Question 5

What does MAP stand for?

Answer 5

Mean arterial pressure

Question 6

What does CVP stand for?

Answer 6

Central venous pressure

Question 7

Equation for flow

Answer 7

Flow = difference in pressure / resistance

Question 8

What is the pressure controlled by?

Answer 8

Radius

Question 9

What vessels act as taps and therefore control resistance to each vascular bed?

Answer 9

Arterioles

Question 10

Different vessels of the body

Answer 10

1. Arteries
2. Arterioles
3. Capillaries
4. Venules
5. Veins

Question 11

Most vascular beds are in parallel, and therefore….

Answer 11

1. All tissues get oxygenated blood

2. Allows regional redirection of blood

Question 12

What vascular beds are arranged in serial rather than parallel?

Answer 12

Anterior pituitary and hypothalamus

Liver and gut

Question 13

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood to?

Answer 13

The lungs

Question 14

Where does the left side of the heart pump blood to?

Answer 14

Systemic circulation

Question 15

Example of an elastic artery

Answer 15

Aorta

Question 16

Features of the elastic artery / aorta

Answer 16

Wide lumen 
Elastic wall 
Thick wall 
Low resistance so easy for blood to get through 
Dampens pressure variations

Question 17

Classification of blood vessels

Answer 17

Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries
Resistance vessels 
Exchange vessels 
Capacitance vessels

Question 18

Features of muscular arteries

Answer 18

Wide lumen
Strong non elastic wall so can withstand pressure variations
Low resistance conduit
More than one of these

Question 19

What are the resistance arteries?

Answer 19

Arterioles

Question 20

Features of resistance arteries

Answer 20

Narrow lumen
Thick contractile wall = can constrict or dilate
A lot smaller than arteries
High resistance
Made up of smooth muscle and therefore control the redirection of blood
Control resistance and therefore flow

Question 21

What do resistance arteries allow?

Answer 21

Regional redirection of blood

Question 22

Resistance of resistance arteries

Answer 22

High

Question 23

What are exchange vessels?

Answer 23

Capillaries

Question 24

Features of exchange vessels

Answer 24

Narrow lumen
Thin wall
One layer thick
Small barrier to diffusion

Question 25

What are the capacitance vessels

Answer 25

Venules and veins

Question 26

Features of capacitance vessels

Answer 26

``` Wide lumen Distensible wall Low resistance conduit and reservoir Has smooth muscle but much less than the arteries etc Essentially store blood ```

Question 27

What do capacitance vessels allow?

Answer 27

Fractional distribution of blood

Question 28

Name parts of the heart

Answer 28

``` Septum Myocardium Ventricles Atrium Vena cava Pulmonary trunk Valves Chordae tendinae Papillary muscle ```

Question 29

Where is the septum found?

Answer 29

Up the middle of the heart

Question 30

What is the myocardium?

Answer 30

Wall of the heart

Question 31

Which side of the heart has a thicker myocardium and why?

Answer 31

Left side thicker | Has to pump blood around the systemic circulation

Question 32

What are the ventricles?

Answer 32

Pumping chambers

Question 33

What valves are in the heart?

Answer 33

Aortic Pulmonary Tricuspid Mitral

Question 34

How many cusps does the tricuspid valve have?

Answer 34

3

Question 35

What are the chordae tendinae attached to?

Answer 35

Capillary muscle

Question 36

Function of chordae tendinae

Answer 36

Passive valves so only pressure changes are the valves opening and shutting Stops valves from turning inside out