FUNBIO 19 - Transmission genetics: Mendelian Inheritance Flashcards
Define phenotype.
The observable characteristics of an organism due to genotype and environmental factors. Examples: hair colour, eye colour, and height.
Define genotype.
The genetic constitution of an organism.
Define Alleles.
Different versions of a gene.
Define Wild Type Allele.
The typical form of a gene as it occurs in nature.
Define Mutant Allele.
A gene that is abnormal.
Define Locus.
The fixed location of a gene within a chromosome. Diploid cells will have two alleles for each gene, located at the same loci on two chromosomes.
Define homologous chromosomes.
Genes with two alleles in the same locus on two separate chromosomes.
Define pure breeding lines.
Genes that produce the same genotype consistently from generation to generation.
Define the Law of Segregation.
Law of segregation is the separation of allele pairs during gamete formation and random uniting of alleles at fertilization.
Define backcrossing
Backcrossing is the crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents.
Explain how Cystic Fibrosis works for autosomal inheritance.
Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. This means that have if two gametes undergo fertilization and both contain the recessive allele, 1 out of 4 offspring will have Cystic Fibrosis.
Define the Law of Independent Assortment.
The biological selection of an allele for one trait has nothing do with the selection of an allele for another trait. This does not apply if the two pairs of genes are on the same pair of chromosomes.
