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LEVA Level 1 > Fun With Acronyms > Flashcards

Fun With Acronyms Flashcards

1
Q

SWGDE

A

Scientific working group on digital evidence

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2
Q

LEVA

A

Law enforcement and emergency services video association, international inc

501(3) nonprofit

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3
Q

FVA

A

Forensic video analysis - THE SCIENTIFIC EXAMINATION, COMPARISON, AND/OR EVALUATION OF VIDEO IN LEGAL MATTERS

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4
Q

AR

A

Aspect ratio - relates to the image/video

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5
Q

PAR

A

Pixel aspect ratio - relates to a camera/monitor

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6
Q

SAR

A

Storage aspect ratio (dimensions of a frame, expressed as a ratio)

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7
Q

DAR

A

Display aspect ratio - pixel aspect ratio/how image should look

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8
Q

ITU

A

International television union

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9
Q

DME

A

Digital multimedia evidence (info of probatice value stored or transmitted in binary form - film, tape, magnetic/optical media, etc)

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10
Q

IR

A

Infrared - wavelength just below visible light spectrum

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11
Q

YCbCr

A

Luminance, chromatic blue, chromatic red

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12
Q

Embedded DVR

A

Digital video recorder - specialized computer designed for capture of digital video; analog to digital conversion takes place within box; OS and application software is contained on firmware or read-only memory (ROM) within system

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13
Q

PC-based DVR

A

Digital video recorder - general purpose computer running additional software which allows PC to function as a DVR; OS is installed on computer main storage; analog to digital conversion still happens at DVR

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14
Q

NVR

A

Network video recorder - records a digital video stream; can be embedded or PC-based; distinguished by lack of analog inputs; analog to digital conversion is done at camera

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15
Q

POE

A

Power over ethernet

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16
Q

NAS

A

Network attached storage; used with NVR

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17
Q

LAN

A

Local area network - A local area network is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building (closed circuit)

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18
Q

ACE-VR

A

Analyze, compare, evaluate, verify, report

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19
Q

CCTV

A

Closed circuit television - tv system which sends signals to a limited number of monitors/recorders

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20
Q

CRT

A

Cathode ray tube camera - first electronic camera; used from 1930s to 1980s

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21
Q

CCD

A

Charge coupled device - camera which replaced CRTs; an array of light sensitive diodes on a silicon chip; lens focuses light onto CCD, which uses diodes to translate lights into an electrical charge which is carried outside CCD in a bucket brigade system; either three CCDs for RGB color in camera, or one CCD with an RGB filter over it

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22
Q

IP camera

A

Internet protocol camera - digitizes values from a CCD or CMOS, compresses the images, and streams video using IP; has built in web servers to allow configuration and viewing of camera

23
Q

CMOS

A

Complimentary Metal oxide semiconductors - used in solid state cameras; similar to CCD except light diodes are read directly instead of bucket brigaded around as electrical signals

24
Q

NTSC

A

National television standards committee - set standards for signals on standard definition tv

25
Q

LCD

A

Liquid crystal display - currents applied to twisted crystals untwists them; constantly backlit by diffused white light; layers of polarizing film between light and crystals, crystals and screen; grid of transistors arranged on glass substrate behind crystals; crystals twist to allow RGB colors to filter through

26
Q

ECPA

A

Electronic communications privacy act - service providers could distribute users’ info without government permission; email privacy act amendment requires warrant for emails and cloud data

27
Q

SCA

A

Stored communications act - data only acquired with subpoena or search warrant, barring exigency or voluntary disclosure

Transactional data only requires a subpoena
Content data requires search warrant

28
Q

USB

A

Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard that specifies the physical interfaces and protocols for connecting, data transferring and powering of hosts, such as personal computers, peripherals, e.g. keyboards and mobile devices, and intermediate hubs.

29
Q

FTK

A

Forensic tool kit - software created by access data

30
Q

SSD

A

A solid-state drive (SSD) is a solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data persistently, typically using flash memory, and functioning as secondary storage in the hierarchy of computer storage - no mechanical parts within, just electronic circuits

31
Q

HDD

A

A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk,[b] is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material

32
Q

NTFS

A

New technology file system - used by removable storage devices

33
Q

IAI

A

International association of identification

34
Q

RLE

A

Run-length encoding - replaces runs of repeating symbols with one copy of the symbol and a number

AAAAA -> A5

An example of lossless compression

35
Q

JPEG

A

Joint photographic expert group - a lossy compression algorithm; associated with JFIF (jpg file interchange format) and EXIF (exchangeable image file format)

36
Q

DCT

A

Discrete cosine transform - transforms 8x8 block of pixels from luminence to frequency

Doesn’t measure the luminence value of the pixel, but rather how often that value occurs within the image

37
Q

MJPEG

A

Motion jpeg - Jpegs displayed in succession to give sense of motion

38
Q

MPEG

A

Moving pictures expert group - from Hollywood film industry, MPEG 2 (DVD) and mpeg 4 (blue ray)

39
Q

VCEG

A

Video coding experts group - from teleconferencing, .H264

40
Q

JCT-VC

A

Joint collaborative team on video coding - collab between mpeg and vceg, created .H264 and .H265; hi-def for video and internet

41
Q

GOP

A

Group of pictures - group of I, p, and b frames interdependent on each other for compression; group beginning and ending defined by I-frame boundaries

42
Q

MD5

A

Message digest 5 - 128-bit hashing algorithm; 32 hexadecimal key

43
Q

SHA1

A

Secure hash algorithm - 160-bit, 40 hexadecimal key

44
Q

VLC

A

Video LAN - open source project which runs on all computers and supports most container formats

45
Q

AVI

A

Audio visual interleave - open source video container, derived from resource interchange file format (RIFF)

46
Q

IFF

A

Interchange file format

47
Q

RIFF

A

Resource interchange file format

48
Q

FFmpeg

A

Fast Foward Moving Pictures Expert Group - FFmpeg is a free and open-source software project consisting of a suite of libraries and programs for handling video, audio, and other multimedia files and streams. At its core is the command-line ffmpeg tool itself, designed for processing of video and audio files. It is widely used for format transcoding, basic editing (trimming and concatenation), video scaling, video post-production effects and standards compliance

49
Q

MKV

A

Matroska Video File - Matroska Video files, also known as MKV videos, are container files that support unlimited picture, audio, and subtitle tracks. They’re similar to MOV and AVI files, except they have a much larger amount of storage

50
Q

TIFF

A

Tagged image file format; lossy or lossless

51
Q

BMP

A

Windows bitmap; uncompressed

52
Q

PNG

A

Portable graphics format; lossless

53
Q

NAS

A

Network Attached Storage - only input and output is the network; accessible by network file sharing protocols; need a client to access data

54
Q

NTP

A

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a protocol that allows the synchronization of system clocks (from desktops to servers)

LEVA Level 1 (4 decks)

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