Fuids Flashcards
Describe fluid balance
Term used to describe the balance of input and output of fluids in the body to allow metabolic processes to function correctly
What can interrupt fluid homeostasis?
Illness
Drugs
Surgery
Trauma
What is the are three normal sources of fluid input?
Fluids
Solids
Metabolism
What is the total average fluid input for people?
2250
What is the total fluid output for people?
2100-2300
What are the sources of fluid output?
Urine
Stool
Perspiration
Respiration
What are some terms for when a person has more fluid output than input?
Negative
Down
Behind
Dry
What are some terms for when a person has more fluid intake than output?
Positive
Up
Ahead
How much of the body’s water is held in the intracellular compartment?
⅔
What are the two compartments that hold water in the body?
Intracellular compartment
Extracellular compartment
How much of the body’s water is held in the extracellular compartment?
⅓
What are the two types of extracellular storage?
Intravascular
Interstitial
Define solvent
Substance in which a solute is dissolved
Define solute
Substance being dissolved
If the 60% of the bodies weight comes from water, where is it located?
45% intracellular compartment
10% interstitial compartment
5% vascular compartment
What are the functions of water in the human body
Serves as universal solvent for a variety of solutes
Provides environment for chemical reactions
Provides transport medium for nutrients hormones and wastes
Define solution
A stable mixture of two or substances in a single phase that cannot be separated by a centrifuge
What factors affect a solutes ability to be dissolved?
Nature of solute
Nature of solvent
Temperature
Pressure
Concentration
T/F: More gas will dissolve at lower temperatures
True
Describe concentration
Refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent
A cell is surrounded by a hypotonic solution. Where will water move and why?
Into the cell because of the higher concentration of solute inside the cell
A cell is surrounded by hypertonic solution. Where will the water move and why?
Out of the cell because the concentration of solute outside the cell is greater than it is inside the cell
A cell is surrounded by isotonic solution. Where will the water move and why?
No net movement due to same solute concentration inside and outside of the cell
Describe osmotic pressure
Force produced by solvent particles
Describe osmosis
A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution resulting in solute concentration equalization
What is osmotic pressure dependent on?
The amount of solute in the solution
What is osmolality
The ratio of solute to solvent
What is tonicity
How much osmotic pressure is exerted by a solution
Describe hydrostatic pressure
Primary force driving fluid transport out of the capillaries and into the interstitial space
Describe oncotic pressure
Primary force driving fluid transport into the capillaries from the interstitial space
What impacts hydrostatic pressure?
Blood pressure
Blood volume
Vertical distance from the heart
What can cause dehydration?
vomiting/diarrhea
Sweating
Burns
Fever
Increased respiration
Diabetes insipidus
Diuretics
What are the signs and symptoms of dehydration
Dizziness, lightheaded, faint
Muscle cramps
Decreased urine output
Hyperkalemia
What is the difference between dehydration and hypovolemia
Dehydration is a decrease in overall body fluids (extracellular and intracellular fluid is lost)
Hypovolemia is a decrease in extracellular fluid
What are signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Dry oral membranes
Decreased urine output
Changes in mental status
