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Concepts in Critical care > Fuids > Flashcards

Fuids Flashcards

1
Q

Describe fluid balance

A

Term used to describe the balance of input and output of fluids in the body to allow metabolic processes to function correctly

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2
Q

What can interrupt fluid homeostasis?

A

Illness
Drugs
Surgery
Trauma

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3
Q

What is the are three normal sources of fluid input?

A

Fluids
Solids
Metabolism

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4
Q

What is the total average fluid input for people?

A

2250

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5
Q

What is the total fluid output for people?

A

2100-2300

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6
Q

What are the sources of fluid output?

A

Urine
Stool
Perspiration
Respiration

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7
Q

What are some terms for when a person has more fluid output than input?

A

Negative
Down
Behind
Dry

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8
Q

What are some terms for when a person has more fluid intake than output?

A

Positive
Up
Ahead

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9
Q

How much of the body’s water is held in the intracellular compartment?

A

⅔

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10
Q

What are the two compartments that hold water in the body?

A

Intracellular compartment
Extracellular compartment

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11
Q

How much of the body’s water is held in the extracellular compartment?

A

⅓

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12
Q

What are the two types of extracellular storage?

A

Intravascular
Interstitial

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13
Q

Define solvent

A

Substance in which a solute is dissolved

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14
Q

Define solute

A

Substance being dissolved

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14
Q

If the 60% of the bodies weight comes from water, where is it located?

A

45% intracellular compartment
10% interstitial compartment
5% vascular compartment

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15
Q

What are the functions of water in the human body

A

Serves as universal solvent for a variety of solutes
Provides environment for chemical reactions
Provides transport medium for nutrients hormones and wastes

16
Q

Define solution

A

A stable mixture of two or substances in a single phase that cannot be separated by a centrifuge

17
Q

What factors affect a solutes ability to be dissolved?

A

Nature of solute
Nature of solvent
Temperature
Pressure
Concentration

18
Q

T/F: More gas will dissolve at lower temperatures

A

True

19
Q

Describe concentration

A

Refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

20
Q

A cell is surrounded by a hypotonic solution. Where will water move and why?

A

Into the cell because of the higher concentration of solute inside the cell

21
Q

A cell is surrounded by hypertonic solution. Where will the water move and why?

A

Out of the cell because the concentration of solute outside the cell is greater than it is inside the cell

22
Q

A cell is surrounded by isotonic solution. Where will the water move and why?

A

No net movement due to same solute concentration inside and outside of the cell

23
Q

Describe osmotic pressure

A

Force produced by solvent particles

23
Q

Describe osmosis

A

A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution resulting in solute concentration equalization

24
Q

What is osmotic pressure dependent on?

A

The amount of solute in the solution

25
Q

What is osmolality

A

The ratio of solute to solvent

26
Q

What is tonicity

A

How much osmotic pressure is exerted by a solution

27
Q

Describe hydrostatic pressure

A

Primary force driving fluid transport out of the capillaries and into the interstitial space

28
Q

Describe oncotic pressure

A

Primary force driving fluid transport into the capillaries from the interstitial space

29
Q

What impacts hydrostatic pressure?

A

Blood pressure
Blood volume
Vertical distance from the heart

30
Q

What can cause dehydration?

A

vomiting/diarrhea
Sweating
Burns
Fever
Increased respiration
Diabetes insipidus
Diuretics

31
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of dehydration

A

Dizziness, lightheaded, faint
Muscle cramps
Decreased urine output
Hyperkalemia

32
Q

What is the difference between dehydration and hypovolemia

A

Dehydration is a decrease in overall body fluids (extracellular and intracellular fluid is lost)
Hypovolemia is a decrease in extracellular fluid

33
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?

A

Tachycardia
Hypotension
Dry oral membranes
Decreased urine output
Changes in mental status

34
Q
A

Concepts in Critical care (5 decks)

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