Fuids

Question 1

Describe fluid balance

Answer 1

Term used to describe the balance of input and output of fluids in the body to allow metabolic processes to function correctly

Question 2

What can interrupt fluid homeostasis?

Answer 2

Illness
Drugs
Surgery
Trauma

Question 3

What is the are three normal sources of fluid input?

Answer 3

Fluids
Solids
Metabolism

Question 4

What is the total average fluid input for people?

Answer 4

2250

Question 5

What is the total fluid output for people?

Answer 5

2100-2300

Question 6

What are the sources of fluid output?

Answer 6

Urine
Stool
Perspiration
Respiration

Question 7

What are some terms for when a person has more fluid output than input?

Answer 7

Negative
Down
Behind
Dry

Question 8

What are some terms for when a person has more fluid intake than output?

Answer 8

Positive
Up
Ahead

Question 9

How much of the body’s water is held in the intracellular compartment?

Answer 9

⅔

Question 10

What are the two compartments that hold water in the body?

Answer 10

Intracellular compartment
Extracellular compartment

Question 11

How much of the body’s water is held in the extracellular compartment?

Answer 11

⅓

Question 12

What are the two types of extracellular storage?

Answer 12

Intravascular
Interstitial

Question 13

Define solvent

Answer 13

Substance in which a solute is dissolved

Question 14

Define solute

Answer 14

Substance being dissolved

Question 14

If the 60% of the bodies weight comes from water, where is it located?

Answer 14

45% intracellular compartment
10% interstitial compartment
5% vascular compartment

Question 15

What are the functions of water in the human body

Answer 15

Serves as universal solvent for a variety of solutes
Provides environment for chemical reactions
Provides transport medium for nutrients hormones and wastes

Question 16

Define solution

Answer 16

A stable mixture of two or substances in a single phase that cannot be separated by a centrifuge

Question 17

What factors affect a solutes ability to be dissolved?

Answer 17

Nature of solute
Nature of solvent
Temperature
Pressure
Concentration

Question 18

T/F: More gas will dissolve at lower temperatures

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Describe concentration

Answer 19

Refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

Question 20

A cell is surrounded by a hypotonic solution. Where will water move and why?

Answer 20

Into the cell because of the higher concentration of solute inside the cell

Question 21

A cell is surrounded by hypertonic solution. Where will the water move and why?

Answer 21

Out of the cell because the concentration of solute outside the cell is greater than it is inside the cell

Question 22

A cell is surrounded by isotonic solution. Where will the water move and why?

Answer 22

No net movement due to same solute concentration inside and outside of the cell

Question 23

Describe osmotic pressure

Answer 23

Force produced by solvent particles

Question 23

Describe osmosis

Answer 23

A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution resulting in solute concentration equalization

Question 24

What is osmotic pressure dependent on?

Answer 24

The amount of solute in the solution

Question 25

What is osmolality

Answer 25

The ratio of solute to solvent

Question 26

What is tonicity

Answer 26

How much osmotic pressure is exerted by a solution

Question 27

Describe hydrostatic pressure

Answer 27

Primary force driving fluid transport out of the capillaries and into the interstitial space

Question 28

Describe oncotic pressure

Answer 28

Primary force driving fluid transport into the capillaries from the interstitial space

Question 29

What impacts hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 29

Blood pressure Blood volume Vertical distance from the heart

Question 30

What can cause dehydration?

Answer 30

vomiting/diarrhea Sweating Burns Fever Increased respiration Diabetes insipidus Diuretics

Question 31

What are the signs and symptoms of dehydration

Answer 31

Dizziness, lightheaded, faint Muscle cramps Decreased urine output Hyperkalemia

Question 32

What is the difference between dehydration and hypovolemia

Answer 32

Dehydration is a decrease in overall body fluids (extracellular and intracellular fluid is lost) Hypovolemia is a decrease in extracellular fluid

Question 33

What are signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?

Answer 33

Tachycardia Hypotension Dry oral membranes Decreased urine output Changes in mental status