Final

Question 1

What is the normal range for sodium?

Answer 1

135-145 mEq/l

Question 2

What is the normal range for potassium?

Answer 2

3.5-4.5 mEq/L

Question 3

What is the normal range for chloride?

Answer 3

90-100 mEq/L

Question 4

What is the normal range for magnesium?

Answer 4

1.5-2.4 mEq/L

Question 5

What is the normal range for potassium?

Answer 5

4.5-5.5 mEq/L

Question 6

What is a high anion gap indicative of?

Answer 6

metabolic acidemia

Question 7

What is a normal anion gap?

Answer 7

<15

Question 8

What is a normal BNP?

Answer 8

<100 pg/mL

Question 9

What does a high level of BNP indicate?

Answer 9

Heart failure

Question 10

What does a BNP of 300-600 mean?

Answer 10

Possible mild heart failure

Question 11

What does a BNP of 600-900 mean?

Answer 11

Moderate heart failure

Question 12

What does a BNP of greater than 900 mean?

Answer 12

Severe Heart failure

Question 13

What is the normal baseline troponin level?

Answer 13

<0.01 ng/ml

Question 14

What does an elevated level of troponin indicate?

Answer 14

myocardial injury or infarction

Question 15

What is the normal level for BUN?

Answer 15

7-21 mg/dl

Question 16

What is the normal level for Creatinine?

Answer 16

0.7-1.4 mg/dl

Question 17

What is normal creatinine clearance?

Answer 17

about 100 mL/min

Question 18

What is a normal GFR?

Answer 18

90-120 mL/min

Question 19

What lab test is diagnostic for septic shock?

Answer 19

Serum Lactate

Question 20

What is the normal serum lactate level?

Answer 20

Normal =< 2.0 mmol/l

Question 21

Why does serum lactate increase indicate septic shock?

Answer 21

indicates presence of anaerobic metabolism

Question 22

What needs to happen when taking blood samples from a patient who is suspected to have elevated serum lactate?

Answer 22

Samples need to be iced and processed immediately

Question 23

What tests indicate kidney failure?

Answer 23

BUN
Cr
Urine output
urinalysis

Question 24

What lab test indicates septic shock?

Answer 24

Serum lactate

Question 25

What tests are indicative of pancreatitis?

Answer 25

Serum amylase and lipase

Question 26

What test is used to identify diabetes mellitus?

Answer 26

glucose and A1C

Question 27

What tests are used to identify diabetic keto acidosis?

Answer 27

ABG Anion Gap

Question 28

What is a normal platelet count?

Answer 28

150-400k

Question 29

What is it called when a patient has a low platelet count?

Answer 29

Thrombocytopenia

Question 30

What is it called when a patient has a high platelet count?

Answer 30

Thrombocytosis

Question 31

What is a normal bedside clotting time?

Answer 31

<6 minutes

Question 32

What is a normal prothrombin time?

Answer 32

12-15 seconds

Question 33

What is normal activated partial thrombolplastin time?

Answer 33

24-32 seconds

Question 34

What is a normal INR?

Answer 34

WNR<1.1 Therapeutic range =2.0-3.0 for people taking warfarin

Question 35

What is the risk associated with an INR below the therapeutic range?

Answer 35

Clotting

Question 36

What is a risk of an INR above the therapeutic range?

Answer 36

Hemorrhage

Question 37

What roles do the kidneys play besides filtering the blood of waste products and excreting urine?

Answer 37

Control BP Regulate the production of RBCs Break down Drugs Metabolize hormones regulate electrolyte balance balance blood pH Synthesize vitamin D

Question 38

What is makes up the renal corpuscle?

Answer 38

glomerulus and bowmans capsule