fuels + earth science pg 87-93

Question 1

what is the main source of hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

crude oil

Question 2

how is crude oil formed?

Answer 2

underground over millions of years at high pressure and temperature

Question 3

what is crude oil made of?

Answer 3

remains of animals and plants

Question 4

what is a hydrocarbon

Answer 4

a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon

Question 5

what is a finite resource

Answer 5

a resource that is used up quicker then it’s made

Question 6

is crude oil a finite or non-finite resource?

Answer 6

finite

Question 7

what is the general formula of hyrocarbons?

Answer 7

CnH2n+2

Question 8

do longer hydrocarbons have a higher or lower boiling point?

Answer 8

higher

Question 9

what is one way that you can separate crude oil

Answer 9

fractional distillation

Question 10

which hydrocarbon has got the lowest boiling point?

Answer 10

gases

Question 11

what do you get as the products of complete combustion?

Answer 11

carbon dioxide + water

Question 12

what products (other than Carbon dioxide + Water) do you get with incomplete combustion?

Answer 12

Carbon monoxide + soot (carbon)

Question 13

explain the negative/s of Carbon monoxide

Answer 13

if can stop red blood cells from transporting oxygen around the body, possibly leading to fainting, coma or death

Question 14

explain the negatives of soot (Carbon)

Answer 14

• can make building look dirty
• can reduce air quality
• can cause or worsen respiratory problems

Question 15

name two pollutants formed by incomplete combustion

Answer 15

carbon monoxide + soot

Question 16

what happens when you get sulfer dioxide mixing with clouds?

Answer 16

you get dilute sulfuric acid (acid rain)

Question 17

state three impacts of acid rain

Answer 17

• it can make lakes acidic causing many plants and animals to die
• it can damage limestone building and stone statutes
• it can corrode metal

Question 18

what are two positives of hydrogen being used as gas?

Answer 18

• it’s a very clean fuel

- it’s only waste product is water

Question 19

what are two negatives of using hydrogen as a fuel?

Answer 19

• it requires a special, expensive engine

- it can be hard to store

Question 20

what does cracking do?

Answer 20

it turns long saturated alkane molecules into short unsaturated alkene and alkane molecules which are more useful

Question 21

why does cracking require a lot of energy?

Answer 21

because you have to break strong covalent bonds

Question 22

what can the alkene molecules also be used for?

Answer 22

making polymers (mainly plastics)

Question 23

what was the main gas in the earth early atmosphere?

Answer 23

carbon dioxide

Question 24

what happened in phase one of the earths changing atmosphere?

Answer 24

volcanos erupted and game out steam and CO2

Question 25

what happened in stage two of the earths changing atmosphere

Answer 25

green plants developed and produces oxygen

Question 26

explain one risk of global warming

Answer 26

severe flooding due to polar ice caps melting

Question 27

what is global warming

Answer 27

a type of climate change, the rise in the earths temperature caused by increased human activity causing the enhanced greenhouse affect