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Chemistry > Fuels And Heats Of Reactions > Flashcards

Fuels And Heats Of Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic chemistry

A

The study of the compounds of carbon

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2
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen only

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3
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Fuels that were formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago

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4
Q

Saturated compound

A

One in which there are only single bonds between the atoms in the molecule

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5
Q

Homologous series

A

A series of compounds of similar chemical properties
Showing gradations in physical properties
Having a general formula for its members
Each member having a similar method of preparation
Each member differing from the previous member by a unit

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6
Q

Unsaturated compound

A

One that contains one or more double or triple bonds between the atoms in the molecule

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7
Q

Aliphatic compound

A

An organic compound that consists of open chains of carbon atoms and closed chain compounds that resemble in chemical properties

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8
Q

Aromatic compounds

A

Compounds that contain a benzene ring structure in their molecule

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9
Q

Fractions

A 
Refinery gas
Petrol
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel oil
Lubricating oil
Fuel oil
Bitumen
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10
Q

Auto-ignition

A

Premature ignition of the petrol air mixture before normal ignition of the mixture by a spark takes place

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11
Q

Octane number

A

A measure of the tendency of the fuel to resist knocking

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12
Q

Catalytic cracking

A

The breaking down of long-chain hydrocarbon molecules by the action of heat snd catalysts into short-chain molecules for which there is greater demand

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13
Q

Heat of reaction

A

The heat change when the numbers of moles of reactants indicated in the balanced equation for the reaction react completely

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14
Q

Heat of combustion

A

The heat change when one mole of the substance is completely burned in excess oxygen

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15
Q

Kilogram calorific value

A

The heat energy produced when 1 kg of the fuel is completely burned in oxygen

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16
Q

Bond energy

A

The average energy required to break one mole of a particular covalent bond and to separate the neutral atoms completely from each other

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17
Q

Heat of neutralization

A

The heat change when one mole of H+ ions from acid reacts with one mole of OH- ions from a base

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18
Q

Heat of formation

A

The heat change that takes place when one mole of a compound in its standard state is formed from its elements in their standard states

19
Q

Hess’s Law

A

If a chemical reaction takes place in a number of stages the sum of the heat changes in the separate stages is equal to the heay change if the reaction is carried out in one stage

20
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be converted from one form of energy into another

21
Q

Ethene

A

C2H4

22
Q

Propene

A

C3H6

23
Q

Butene

A

C4H8

24
Q

Cyclohexane

A

C6H12

25
Q

Ethyne

A

C2H2

26
Q

Benzene

A

C6H6

27
Q

Methybenzene

A

C7H8

28
Q

Ethylbenzene

A

C8H10

29
Q

MTBE

A

Methyk tertiary butyl ether

30
Q

Methanol

A

CH3OH

31
Q

Ethanol

A

C2H5OH

32
Q

Methyl

A

CH3

33
Q

Ethyl

A

C2H5

34
Q

Propyl

A

C3H7

35
Q

Butyl

A

C4H9

36
Q

Formula for alkane chemical formula

A

Cn H2n+2

37
Q

Alkyl formula

A

CnH2n+1

38
Q

Methyl Tertiary Butane Ether

A

An oxygenate to increase a hydrocarbon’s octane number

Give ruse to pollution give cleaner emissions

39
Q

Factors that influence the octane number

A

Length of the chain- the shorter the chain the higher the octane number
Branching - more branches higher octane number
Strcutures- cyclic structure compounds have higher octane numbers

40
Q

Methods of increasing octane numbers

A

Isomerisation
Catalytic cracking
Dehydrocyclisation
Adding oxygenates

41
Q

Isomerisation

A

Changing straight chained hydrocarbons into gheir isomers
Heated with a catalyst to break the chains
The chain fragments join to change its structure

42
Q

Dehydrocylisation

A

Removing the hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon and turning it into a cyclic structure with the help of a catalyst

43
Q

Methods of manufacturing hydrogen

A

Steam reforming of natural gases

Electrolysis of water

Chemistry (17 decks)

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