Fuels And Heats Of Reaction

Question 1

Organic chemistry

Answer 1

Study of the compounds of carbon

Question 2

Hydrocarbon

Answer 2

Compound that contains hydrogen and carbon only

Question 3

Fossil fuels

Answer 3

Fuels that were formed from the remains of plants and animals and that lived millions of years ago

Question 4

Saturated compound

Answer 4

One in which there are only single bons between the carbon atoms in a molecule

Question 5

Homologous series

Answer 5

1. A series of compounds of similar chemical properties
2. Showing graduation in physical property
3. Having a general formula for its members
4. Each member having a similar method of preparation
5. Each member differing from the previous member by a CH² unit

Question 6

Structural isomers

Answer 6

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 7

Unsaturated compound

Answer 7

One that contains one or more double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms in a molecule

Question 8

Aliphatic compound

Answer 8

Organic compound that consists of open chains of carbon atoms and closed chain compounds (rings) that resemble them in chemical properties

Question 9

Aromatic Compounds

Answer 9

Compounds that contain a benzene ring structure in their molecules

Question 10

Auto-ignition

Answer 10

Premature ignition (explosion) of the petrol-air mixture before normal ignition of the mixture by a spark takes place

Question 11

Octane number

Answer 11

Measure of the tendency of the fuel to resist knocking

Question 12

Catalytic cracking

Answer 12

Breaking down of long chain carbon hydrocarbon molecules by the action of heat and catalysts into short chain molecules for which there is greater demand

Question 13

Heat of reaction

Answer 13

Heat change when the number of moles ofbthe reactants indicated in the balanced equation for the reaction reaction completely

Question 14

Heat of combustion

Answer 14

The heat change when one mole of the substance is completely burned in excess oxygen

Question 15

Kilogram calorific value

Answer 15

The heat energy produced when 1kg of the fuel is completely burned in oxygen

Question 16

Bond energy

Answer 16

Average energy required to break one mole of a particular covalent bond and to separate the neutral atoms completely from each other

Question 17

Heat of neutralisation

Answer 17

Heat change when one mole of H+ ions from an acid reacts with one mole of OH- ions from a base

Question 18

Heat of formation

Answer 18

The heat change that takes place when one mole of a compound in its standard state is formed from its elements in their standard states

Question 19

Hess’s Law

Answer 19

States that if a chemical reaction takes place in a number of stages, the sum of the heat changes in the separate stages is equal to the heat change if the reaction is carried out in one stage

Question 20

The law of conservation of energy

Answer 20

States that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be converted from one form of energy into another