Chemical Bonding: Chemical Formulas

Question 1

Compound

Answer 1

Substance that is made up of two or more different elements combined together chemically

Question 2

Octet rule

Answer 2

When bonding occurs, atoms tend to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in the outermost energy level

Question 3

Ion

Answer 3

Charged atom or group of atoms

Question 4

Ionic bond

Answer 4

The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound. Ionic bonds are always formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 5

Transition metal

Answer 5

One that forms at least one ion with a partially filled d sublevel

Question 6

Molecule

Answer 6

It is a group of atoms joined together. It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently

Question 7

Valency

Answer 7

The number of atoms of hydrogen or any other monovalent element with which each atom of the element combines

Question 8

Sigma bond

Answer 8

Formed by the head-on overlap of two orbitals

Question 9

Pi bond

Answer 9

Formed by the sideways overlap of p orbitals

Question 10

Electronegativity

Answer 10

Relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 11

Polar covalent bond

Answer 11

A bond in which there is unequal sharing of the pair/pairs of electrons. This causes one end of the bond to be slightly positive ( delta +) and the other end to be slighg negative (delta -)

Question 12

Intramolecular bonding

Answer 12

Bonding that takes place within a molecule. This means it holds the atoms together. Covalent bonding and polar covalent bonding are examples of intramolecular bonding

Question 13

Intermolecular forces

Answer 13

Forces of attraction that exist between molecules. Van der waals forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding are all examples of intermolecular forces

Question 14

Van der waals forces

Answer 14

Weak attractive forces between molecules resulting from the formation of temporary dipoles. They are the only forces of attraction between non-polar molecules

Question 15

Dipole-dipole forces

Answer 15

Forces of attraction between the negative pole of one polar molecule and the positive pole of another polar molecule

Question 16

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 16

Particular types of dipole-dipole attractions between molecules in which hydrogen atoms are bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine. The hydrogen atom carries a partial positive charge and is attracted to the electronegative atom in another molecule. Thus, the hydrogen bond act as a bridge between two electronegative atoms in separate molecules