Fuels and Earth Science Flashcards
What are the different sections of crude oil called?
Hydrocarbon fractions
Give the order of the fractions that come out of the fractionating column from top to bottom.
LPG, Petrol, Kerosene (paraffin), Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil, Bitumen
Do longer or shorter chain hydrocarbons drain out near the bottom of the fractionating column?
Longer
What do compounds in a homologous series share similar what?
Chemical Properties
Why do longer chain hydrocarbons have a higher melting point?
Stronger intermolecular forces holding the compound together.
Give the word equation for the complete combustion of Dodecane.
Dodecane + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water.
What 2 things does incomplete combustion produce?
Carbon monoxide and soot
How is carbon monoxide poisonous?
Combines with red blood calls and stop your blood from carrying oxygen
What causes acid rain?
Sulfur dioxide
Give 2 hazards of acid rain?
Causes lakes to become acidic, killing plants and animals.
Kills trees
Damages Limestone buildings and stone statues
Makes metals corrode
What do nitrogen oxides contribute to?
Acid rain, photochemical smog
What things emit Nitrogen Oxides?
Caused by the energy released by combustion engines
Give 2 pros to Hydrogen Power.
Only produces water as a waste product
Hydrogen created from water is renewable
Give 2 cons to Hydrogen Power.
You need special, expensive engines
Hydrogen needs to be manufactured which is expensive which often uses energy from other sources Hydrogen is very hard to store.
What is Cracking?
Splitting Longer chain hydrocarbons into smaller more useful ones.
What are the conditions needed for Cracking.
Vaporised hydrocarbons
Aluminium Oxide used as a Catalyst
400-700C temperature
Pressure of 70atm
What are the products formed when cracking a longer chain hydrocarbon?
A Shorter chain alkane molecule
An alkene
Why do we need to crack hydrocarbons?
To match supply and demand
Name the gases given off by volcanoes millions of years ago.
Steam, Ammonia and Carbon dioxide
How was Nitrogen Gas originally put into the atmosphere.
Formed by ammonia reacting with oxygen and release by denitrifying bacteria.
What change in the early atmosphere allowed complex organisms to evolve?
Green plants removing carbon dioxide and replacing it with oxygen
How could you test an unknown gas to see if it is oxygen
Hold a glowing splint over the gas and if it is oxygen, it will relight.
What does the Sun give off?
Electromagnetic radiation
What causes Climate Change?
Increasing greenhouse gases
Name 2 greenhouse gases
Methane
Carbon Dioxide
Water Vapour
Sulfur dioxide
Name 2 ways scientists can find out about historical climates?
Ice cores
Looking at tree rings
