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Chemistry Edexcel GCSE > Fuels and Earth Science > Flashcards

Fuels and Earth Science Flashcards

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1
Q

How is crude oil separated

A

Fractional distillation in a fractionating column

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2
Q

How does fractional distillation work

A

A gradient of boiling points so the longer hydrocarbons with higher boiling points are at the bottom

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3
Q

What is made in each fraction

A

1 - liquified petroleum and refinery gases

2 - chemicals used in household

3 - petrols for vehicles

4 - jet fuel

5 - diesel fuel

6 - lubricating oils, waxes and polishes

7 - fuels for ships

8 - bitumen for roads

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4
Q

Why do longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points

A

Stronger intermolecular forces

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5
Q

What is formed when hydrocarbons undergo complete combustion

A

Carbon dioxide + Water

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6
Q

What is formed when hydrocarbons undergo incomplete combustion

A

Carbon
OR
Carbon monoxide
AND
Water

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7
Q

What can C and CO do

A

CO
Stop red blood cells from carrying oxygen and lead to a lack of oxygen

C
Carbon can build up and deposit themselves and cause respiratory issues

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8
Q

What does sulfur dioxide cause

A

Acid rain which can cause lakes to become acidic and erosion and corrosion of things

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9
Q

What is cracking

A

The splitting up of long-chain hydrocarbons
Turning alkanes into smaller alkanes and alkenes

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10
Q

What are the conditions for cracking

A

400-700 degrees
70 atm
Aluminium oxide used as a catalyst

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11
Q

Why is cracking useful

A

Allows matching of supply and demand

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12
Q

How much of each element is there in the air

A

N2 - 78%
O2 - 21%
Ar - 0.1%
CO2 - 0.04%

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13
Q

Stages of the atmosphere

A

1 - Volcanoes gave out CO2 and steam

2 - Nitrogen in atmosphere increased by ammonia reacting with oxygen. The amount of oxygen in the air increased and CO2 dissolved in the ocean

3 - Build up of O2 killed off early organisms and allowed the evolution of more complex beings

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14
Q

How have humans changed the composition of air

A

More demand means that more fossil fuels have been burnt, releasing more CO2 into the atmosphere

CO2 is also released into the atmosphere via deforestation and volcanoes erupting

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15
Q

Explain the greenhouse effect

A

The earth absorbs some of the IR radiation in the form of heat and radiates some back

Greenhouse gases absorb this and re-emit it back towards earth and space

This keeps the earth warm

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16
Q

Which 2 greenhouses gases contribute a lot to climate change

A

Methane
CO2

Chemistry Edexcel GCSE (9 decks)

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