Fuels

Question 1

What are FUELS?

Answer 1

Fuels are chemical substances that burn (combust) in oxygen to release energy therefore they are exothermic reactions.

Question 2

What are the three (fossil) fuels?

Answer 2

Coal, crude oil and natural gas.

Question 3

What are three food fuels?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

Question 4

What are fuels alternative to (fossil) fuels?

Answer 4

Hydroelectric, solar power and wind power.

Question 5

What are FINITE RESOURCES?

Answer 5

Once fuels are used up they cannot be replaced. They will not last forever.

Question 6

What is an element found in all three fossil fuels?

Answer 6

Carbon

Question 7

What does carbon form when it combusts in oxygen?

Answer 7

Carbon dioxide plus energy.

Question 8

Carbon, C (s)+ Oxygen, O2 (g) ——

Answer 8

—–> carbon dioxide, CO2 (g)

Question 9

What are HYDROCARBONS?

Answer 9

Compounds make up of hydrogen and carbon atoms ONLY.

Question 10

What do hydrocarbons form when they combust in oxygen?

Answer 10

Water, carbon dioxide and energy.

Question 11

What are: chemical substances that burn (combust) in oxygen to release energy therefore they are exothermic reaction?

Answer 11

Fuels

Question 12

What are: Coal, crude oil and natural gas?

Answer 12

Fossil fuels.

Question 13

What are: Carbohydrates, fats and proteins?

Answer 13

Food fuels.

Question 14

What are: Hydroelectric, solar power and wind power

Answer 14

Fuels alternative to fossil fuels.

Question 15

What are fuels that can be used up and can’t be replaced/ won’t last forever?

Answer 15

Finite resources

Question 16

When is CARBON DIOXIDE AND ENERGY formed?

Answer 16

When carbon combusts in oxygen.

Question 17

What are: Compounds make up of hydrogen and carbon atoms ONLY?

Answer 17

Hydrocarbons.

Question 18

When is WATER, CARBON DIOXIDE AND ENERGY formed?

Answer 18

When hydrocarbons combust in oxygen.

Question 19

What is present when blue cobalt paper turns pink in colour?

Answer 19

Water

Question 20

What is present when lime water turns milky?

Answer 20

Carbon dioxide.

Question 21

When did the formation of oil and natual gas begin?

Answer 21

It began millions of years ago when microscopic plants and animals died and sank to the bottom of oceans and seas.

Question 22

What happened when the plants (the formation of oil and natural gas) did not decay in the usual way?

Answer 22

Instead they were covered with layers of sand and salt.

Question 23

What happened over millions of years when the layers built up?

Answer 23

The action of pressure, heat and bacteria coverted these microscopic plants and animals into oil and natural gas.

Question 24

What is crude oil a mixture of?

Answer 24

Many different hydrocarbons.

Question 25

If crude oil is heated, what happens to each hydrocarbon?

Answer 25

Each hydrocarbon will change into a gas at its own particular boiling point. This gas can be condensed and collected as a liquid.

Question 26

Why is it very difficult to collect separate pure hydrocarbons?

Answer 26

Because their individual boiling points are so similar.

Question 27

What is FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION?

Answer 27

A process in which we can collect a mixture or fraction of similar sized compounds over a narrow temperature range.

Question 28

What are as a result of the trends in the properties of the crude oil fractions?

Answer 28

The number of carbons per molecule in each of these fractions.

Question 29

What is the greenhouse effect.

Answer 29

The term used to describe the way that increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing global warming (a raise in average temperature around the world)

Question 30

As the levels of carbon dioxide increases, what is trapped?

Answer 30

More heat is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere.

Question 31

What does even a slight increase in temperature cause?

Answer 31

Causes sea levels to rise because the sea expands and the polar ice caps melt, which in turn affects wind and wather throughout the world.