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5th year Chemistry > Acids and Alkali > Flashcards

Acids and Alkali Flashcards

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1
Q

What is used to identify whether a substance is acidic, neutral or alkaline?

A

Universial indicator.

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2
Q

What is the formula of HYDROCHLORIC ACID?

A

HCl

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3
Q

What is the formula of NITRIC ACID?

A

HNO3

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4
Q

What is the formula of SULFURIC ACID?

A

H2SO4

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5
Q

What is the formula of PHOSPHORIC ACID?

A

H3PO4

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6
Q

What is the formula of SODIUM HYDROXIDE?

A

NaOH

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7
Q

What is the formula of POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE?

A

KOH

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8
Q

What is the formula of CALCIUM HYDROXIDE?

A

Ca(OH)2

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9
Q

What is the formula of ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE?

A

Al(OH)3

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10
Q

What is: Universial indicator used for?

A

To identify whether a substance is acidic, neutral or alkaline.

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11
Q

What is: HCl

A

Hydrocholoric acid

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12
Q

What is: HNO3

A

Nitric acid

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13
Q

What is: H2SO4

A

Sulfuric acid

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14
Q

What is: H3PO4

A

Phosphoric acid

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15
Q

What is: NaOH

A

Sodium hydroxide

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16
Q

What is: KOH

A

Potassium hydroxide

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17
Q

What is: Ca(OH)2

A

Calcium hydroxide

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18
Q

What is: Al(OH)3

A

Aluminium hydroxide

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19
Q

What is: ELECTROLYSIS?

A

A process in which a compound is broken down into its elements using electricity.

20
Q

Why is a direct current used in electrolysis?

A

So that one of the electrodes is always positive and the other is alwas negative.

21
Q

During the electrolysis of an acid, what is always formed at the negative electrode?

A

Hydrogen

22
Q

What is: the process in which a compound is broken down into its elements using electricity?

A

Electrolysis.

23
Q

During the electrolysis of an acid, hydrogen is always formed at what electrode?

A

The negative electrode.

24
Q

Diluton of an acid cause the pH to…?

A

Rise towards 7.

25
Q

Diluton of an alkali cause the pH to…?

A

Decrease towards 7

26
Q

Diluting an acid by a factor of 10..?

A

Increases the pH by 1

27
Q

Diluting an alkali by a factor of 10..?

A

Decreases the pH by 1

28
Q

What do metal oxide that dissolve in water form?

A

Alkaline solution.

29
Q

What can an acid be neutralised by?

A

A base

30
Q

What are the 4 bases?

A

Reactive metals (MAZIT metals)
Metal oxide
Alkali (metal hydroxide)
Metal carbonate.

31
Q

What is the equation for neutralisation with REACTIVE METALS (mazit metals)?

A

‘MAZIT’ metal + acid ——–> salt + hydrogen

32
Q

What are salts?

A

Ionic compounds usually made of a positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ion

33
Q

What is the salt formed by HYDROCHLORIC ACID?

A

Chloride

34
Q

What is the salt formed by NITRIC ACID?

A

Nitrate

35
Q

What is the salt formed by SULFURIC ACID?

A

Sulfate

36
Q

What is the salt formed by PHOSPHORIC ACID?

A

Phosphate

37
Q

What is the equation for neutralisation with METAL OXIDE?

A

Metal oxide + acid ———> salt + water

38
Q

What is the equation for neutralisation with METAL CARBONATE?

A

Metal carbonate + acid ——–> salt + carbon dioxide + water

39
Q

What is the equation for neutralisation with METAL HYDROXIDE?

A

Acid + metal hydroxide (Alkali) ——–> salt + water

40
Q

What are: Ionic compounds usually made of a positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ion?

A

Salts

41
Q

What is the equation for titration?

A

c1v1/ n1 = c2v2/n2

42
Q

What is GRAM FORMULA MASS?

A

Gram formula mass is the mass of one mole of a substance.

43
Q

What does the triangle for MOLES TO MASS OR MASS TO MOLES look like?

A

m (mass of substance, g)

n (no. of moles, mol) / gfm (gram formula mass,g)

44
Q

What is the equation for MOLES TO MASS OR MASS TO MOLES?

A

m= n x gfm

45
Q

What does the triangle for CALCULATING THE CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION look like?

A

n (number of moles, mol)

c (concentration, moll/l) / V (volume, litres L)

46
Q

What is the equation for CALCULATING THE CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION?

A

n= c x V

47
Q

Revise how to calculate based on balanced equations.

A

…

5th year Chemistry (4 decks)

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