Fucntional Group Chemistry 1

Question 1

What is the carboxylic acid oxidation level?

Highest level

Answer 1

COOH> esters > amides > nitriles > acyl chlorides

Question 2

What is the aldehyde oxidation level?

2nd highest

Answer 2

Aldehydes > ketones > acetals > dichloromethane

Question 3

What is the alcohol oxidation level?

2nd lowest

Answer 3

Alcohols > ethers > alkyl halides

Question 4

What is the alkane oxidation level?

Lowest

Answer 4

Methane

Question 5

How do you draw molecules?

Answer 5

Draw chains of atoms as zig zags
Miss out Hs attached to Cs
Miss out capital Cs representing C atoms

Question 6

What are molecules coated with?

Answer 6

Layer of e-

= surface negative = molecules repel each other

Question 7

What must molecules have for a reaction to occur?

Answer 7

Enough energy to overcome superficial repulsion

= minimum energy = activation energy

Question 8

What bring molecules together?

Answer 8

Charge attraction or orbital overlap

Question 9

What is mechanism of reaction?

Answer 9

Pathway e- take

Question 10

What accepts e-?

Answer 10

Electrophile

Question 11

What donates e-?

Answer 11

Nucleophile

Question 12

When is a Nu- a Nu-?

Answer 12

With L.P
Negative charge
With sigma bond between electropositive atom

Question 13

What are electrophiles?

Answer 13

Neutral or positively charges species with an empty atomic orbital that can accept e-

Question 14

What are nucleophiles?

Answer 14

Negatively charged or neutral species with pair of e- in high-energy orbital

Question 15

What is there in a few vacant atomic orbitals?

Answer 15

Low-energy anti-bonding orbitals associated with electronegative atoms

Question 16

What can these anti-bonding orbitals be?

Answer 16

Pi or sigma orbitals

= may have single or double bond

Question 17

What does a curly arrow represent?

Answer 17

Movement of a pair of e-