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Principles of Plant Science > Fruit Morphology & Dispersal > Flashcards

Fruit Morphology & Dispersal Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The attachment of the ovules within the ovary via a stalk

A

Funiculus

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2
Q

The funiculus emerges from the

A

placenta

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3
Q

The chamber in which the ovules hang

A

loculus

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4
Q

(ripened) ovary wall

A

pericarp

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5
Q

The ripened ovary, often together with the seeds within the ovary

A

Fruit

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6
Q

The 3 layers of the pericarp:

A
  • Exocarp/Epicarp - outer layer
  • Mesocarp - middle layer
  • Endocarp - inner layer
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7
Q

Fruit that is formed from a flower with one carpel, or multiple carpels fused together.

A

Simple fruit

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8
Q

A fruit derived from many separate ovaries of a single flower

A

Aggregate fruit

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9
Q

A fruit derived from enlarged ovaries (that coalesced as they grow) of several flowers

A

Multiple fruit

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10
Q

Dry fruit that opens and releases the seeds from the pericarp

A

Dehiscent

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11
Q

Dry fruit that remains closed, retaining the seed within the pericarp

A

Indehiscent

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12
Q

A stone fruit, derived from a single carpel and containing usually 1 or 2 seeds

A

Drupe

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13
Q

Describe the characteristics of the 3 pericarp layers of a Dupe

A
  • Exocarp - thin skin
  • Mesocarp - may be fleshy
  • Endocarp - hard
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14
Q

Give some examples of drupe fruits

A

Peach, plum, cherry, apricot, and almond

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15
Q

Derived from compound, superior ovary, fleshy pericarp with undefined layers (tomatoes, grapes)

A

Berry

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16
Q

Give some examples of berries

A

Tomato, grape, blueberries, and cranberries

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17
Q

A simple fruit formed from one flower with an inferior ovary

A

Pome

18
Q

Examples of pepo fruit

A

Squash, zucchini, cucumber

19
Q

Describe the characteristics of the pericarp of a Berry

A

a fleshy pericarp, one carpel or multiple fused carpels, and many seeds

20
Q

Describe the characteristics of the 3 layer pericarp of a Pepo

A
  • Mesocarp - fleshy
  • Exocarp - rigid or leathery
  • Endocarp - many seeds
21
Q

Like a berry, but with a leathery exocarp instead of a fleshy one. Oil cavities in exocarp and mesocarp, endocarp as juicy pulp segments (lemons, oranges)

A

Hesperidium

22
Q

All citrus fruits are classified as what?

A

Hesperidiums

23
Q

The fluid-filled vesicles that are inside of hesperidiums

A

specialized trichomes

24
Q

Dry fruit made up of a single, folded carpel, multi-seeded, dehiscent along 2 sutures.

A

Legumes

25
Q

Give examples of legumes

A

peas and beans

26
Q

A dry, dehiscent fruit made up of several fused carpels

A

Capsule

27
Q

Name the simple fruits:

A
  • Drupe
  • Berry (Hesperidium & Pepo)
  • Pome
28
Q

Name the simple fruits with a dry pericarp and are dehiscent

A

Legumes, Follicle, Capsules, & Silique

29
Q

Name the simple fruits with a dry pericarp and are indehiscent

A

Caryopsis, Achene, Samara, Schizocarp & Nut

30
Q

Fruit of the grass family; one-seeded fruit, but the pericarp and seed coat are fused

A

Caryopsis

31
Q

a dry, one-seeded fruit; the pericarp is easily separated from the thin seed coat

A

Achene

32
Q

What’re some examples of Achene fruits?

A

Sunflower seeds, strawberries

33
Q

A dry, indehiscent, one-seeded fruit with a hard exocarp

A

Nut

34
Q

A fruit that arises from a single carpel, but only open along one side when mature

A

Follicle

35
Q

A fruit that is derived from a flower with superior ovary and 2 locules; splits in 3 portions at maturity

A

Silique

36
Q

Typified by an outgrowth of ovary wall to form wing-like structures. Can be one- or two-seeded (like maple)

A

Samara

37
Q

Two carpels that can be split into two one-seeded halves (characteristic of the carrot family)

A

Schizocarp

38
Q

What are the 2 sub groups of berries?

A

Hesperidium & Pepo

39
Q

A kind of berry; fleshy mesocarp and endocarp; rind made by receptacle fused with exocarp (watermelon, cucumber)

A

Pepo

40
Q

The development of fruit without fertilization

A

Parthenocarpy

41
Q

Adaptations to wind dispersal include…

A

wings and plumes

Principles of Plant Science (5 decks)

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