Fruit And Orchards Flashcards
What is the genus of apples?
Malus
What is the genus of pears?
Pyrus
What are apples and pears collectively called?
Pome fruit
What is the term for fermented apple juice?
Cider
What is the term for fermented pear juice?
Perry
What are the principal chemical components of apples and pears?
- Sugar (primarily fructose)
- Acid (primarily malic acid)
- Tannins (polyphenols)
What role does sugar play in cider production?
Fermented into alcohol (ethanol)
What impact does acid have on cider?
Impacts flavor and aging potential
What is the effect of tannins on cider?
Impacts flavor, body, and aging potential
What unfermentable sugar do pears contain?
Sorbitol
What is the classification system for apples developed by in the U.K.?
Long Ashton Research Station (LARS)
What are the four LARS classes of apples based on acid and tannin content?
- Sweet
- Sharp
- Bittersweet
- Bittersharp
What is the classification for pears based on tannin content?
Low tannin or high tannin
Name a sweet apple variety.
Golden Delicious
Name a sharp apple variety.
Granny Smith
Name a bittersweet apple variety.
Yarlington Mill
Name a bittersharp apple variety.
Kingston Black
What is the classification for low tannin pear varieties?
- Bartlett
- Bosc D’anjou
- Seckel
What is the classification for high tannin pear varieties?
- Barland
- Thorn
- Brandy
- Hendre Huffcap
What is required to make naturally pink/red ciders from apples?
Red-fleshed apples
What countries have a long history of growing fruit for cider production?
- Spain
- France
- United Kingdom
What is the primary method of propagating a particular apple or pear variety?
Grafting
What is top-working in apple and pear cultivation?
Grafting scions to an established tree of one variety to grow a different variety
What latitude range do apples and pears grow best?
30 to 60 degrees latitude
