frontal lobes and hippocomapus Flashcards
- Describe the basic deficits observed with injury to the anterior cingulate components of the prefrontal cortex
decreased gaol directed behavior diminished initiative, perserverence, productivity, effort, time spent resulting in dependence of others to structure and support activity
lack of will. think of the color and word test
APATHY
- Describe the result of bilateral hippocampal dysfunction
hippocampus is the google or the maps of the brain, 3 cell layers
- Identify the basic architecture of, inputs to, and outputs from the hippocampus, and how different sensory components of an episode appear to be combined in the hippocampus
input- entorhinal cortex (where grid cells are
- Septal nuclei
from entorhinal cortex neurons send axons to dentate gyrus . From dentate gyrus granule cells send axons to the CA3 field of hippo(mossy fibers). from CA3 the pyramidal cells project to themselves or CA1 (schaffer collaterals) or leave hippocampus through fornix. CA1 field is then sent to subiculum. From subiculum information can be conveyed to the entorihnal cortex which then projects to the cortical association areas
- Discuss the apparent importance of sleep in hippocampal-dependent memory consolidation
In sleep both hippocampal neurons and neocortical neurons have a tendency to be activated in a temporal sequence similar to the sequence seen during behavior. This may integrate previously learned info newly learned info in the hippocampus, while also erasing the new info from the hippocampus
lesion of Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
inability to employ intention (goals) modulate attention (task at hand), gives rise to
perservation= failure to switch attention appropriately
and
environmental dependency=undue requirement for environmental cues to accomplish task
lesion of ventromedial prefrontal cortex
receives input from the amygdalaimpairment in the ability to estimate cost/benefit associated with certain behaviors, excessively risky social behaviors
what allows us to toggle attention
PFC
what are th emain cell types of the dentate gyrus?
granule cells
what is the main cell type of the hippocampus?
pyramidal cells
perforant path
axons from entorhinal cortex go to dentate gyrus and hippocmapus by perforating the hippocampal fissure
mossy fibers
axons of the granule cells that have very large characteristic terminals that contact CA3 neurons
shaffer collaterals
axons from CA3 to CA1