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MG Employment > From PP > Flashcards

From PP Flashcards

1
Q

What FM’s cover Machine Gun Employment

A

FM 3-22.68 Crew Served Machine Guns

FM 3-21.8 (7-8) Infantry Platoon and Squad

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2
Q

What are the Characteristics of Fire

A 
Trajectory
Maximum Ordinate
Cone of Fire
Beaten Zone
Danger Space
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3
Q

What is Trajectory

A

The path of the round in flight to the target. (Recoil, stability, and control of the weapon all effect the trajectory of the round.)

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4
Q

What is Maximum Ordinate

A

The highest point of the trajectory between the muzzle of the weapon and the base of the target. Occurs about 2/3 of the distance between the weapon and the target. The Maximum Ordinate increases as the range Increases.

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5
Q

Explain the Cone of Fire

A

Each round fired in a burst from the same
weapon has a slightly different trajectory.
The pattern these rounds create on the way to the target is the Cone of Fire.

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6
Q

How is the Cone of Fire created

A

Vibrations of the gun
Variations in ammunition
Atmospheric conditions

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7
Q

What is the Beaten Zone

A

The elliptical pattern formed on the ground on the target by the striking rounds and the primary way for adjusting fire.

(The length of the beaten zone changes as the range to the target increases. Sloping terrain and short range will lengthen the Beaten Zone.)

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8
Q

What is Danger SPace

A

The space between the Machine Gun and the target where the trajectory rises less than 1.8 meters (average height of a man) from the ground.

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9
Q

Classes of Fire

A

Respect to the Ground

Respect to the Target

Respect to the Weapon

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10
Q

What are the two fires in Respect to the Ground

A

Grazing Fire

Plunging Fire

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11
Q

What is Grazing Fire

A

Occurs when the center of the cone of fire rises less than 1 meter above the ground.

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12
Q

What is Plunging Fire

A

Occurs when the Danger Space is within the Beaten Zone, at longer ranges when firing from high ground onto low ground, and when firing into abruptly rising ground.

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13
Q

Explain Respect to the Target

A

The angle or orientation at which the gun is to the target.

Frontal

Flanking

Oblique

Enfilade

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14
Q

Explain Frontal Fire

A

Occurs when the long axis of the Beaten Zone is at a right angle to the front of the target or in line with the target.

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15
Q

Explain Flanking Fire

A

Occurs when the gunner is to the flank of the target.

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16
Q

Explain Oblique Fire

A

Occurs when the long axis of the Beaten Zone is at any angle other than a right angle to the front of the target.

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17
Q

Explain Enfilade Fire

A

Occurs when the long axis of the Beaten Zone coincides with the long axis of the target.

(Either frontal or flanking and is the most desired type of fire because it makes the most of the Beaten Zone.)

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18
Q

What are the subcategories to Respect to the Weapon

A

Fixed

Traversing

Searching

Traversing and Searching

Swinging Traverse

Free-Gun

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19
Q

Fixed Fire

A

Delivered against a point target when depth and width of the Beaten Zone covers the target.

(Only one aiming point is needed to provide target coverage.)

20
Q

Traversing Fire

A

Fire distributed IN WIDTH with successive changes in direction.

(The gunner selects several aiming points throughout the width of the target.
Aiming points are close enough to provide coverage without wasting ammo.)

21
Q

Searching Fire

A

Fire distributed IN DEPTH by changes in elevation.

(Gunner selects several aiming points.
Changes made to each aiming point depend on the range and slope of the ground.)

22
Q

Traversing and Searching Fire

A

Fire distributed IN WIDTH AND DEPTH by changes in elevation and direction.

23
Q

Swinging Traverse

A

Wider distance covered with distribution of fire laterally.
No change to the elevation/range.
Used against a target with great width.

24
Q

Free Gun

A

Fire distributed against a target that requires rapid, major changes in direction and elevation that can not be achieved while using the T & E.

25
Q

Application of Fire

A

This refers to methods used to cover a target area.

(Gunners are exposed to 2 types of targets
in the squad or platoon sector; enemy soldiers and supporting automatic weapons.

These enemy soldiers and supporting automatic weapons are the gunner’s priority targets and should be engaged ASAP.)

26
Q

Types of Target Engagements

A

Point Target
Area Target
Linear Target
Deep Target

27
Q

Engagement for Point Targets

A

For point targets the gunner uses Fixed Fire.

If the target moves after the initial burst the gunner follows the movement engaging the target.

28
Q

Engagement for Area Targets

A

For an area target the gunner fires at the center mass of the target and then TRAVERSES AND SEARCHES to either flank and then reverses to the other flank.

29
Q

Engagement for Linear Targets

A

The initial point of aim is the midpoint and then the gunner manipulates his fire to cover the rest of the target.

(The leader or AG may use reference points to make adjustments.

The reference point should lie on line with the target for the most accurate results.)

30
Q

Engagement for Deep Targets

A

The gunner uses SEARCHING FIRE and initially aims at midpoint using single deep targets unless there is another more critical target.

(Then SEARCHES down one aiming point in front of the near end and back up to one aiming point beyond the far end.

The leader may use reference points if the gunner can not observe a deep target.)

31
Q

Working as a Pair of Gunners

Support by Fire

A

When a pair of gunners engage area targets each gunner fires on his half of the target area.

This half is then divided up into 2 sections using midpoint references.

Both gunners distribute fire by applying direction and elevation changes for the best coverage.

32
Q

Type of Fire for Point Targets

A

Fixed Fire

33
Q

Type of Fire for Area Targets

A

Travers and Search

34
Q

Type of Fire for Linear Targets

A

Traversing Fire

35
Q

Type of Fire for Deep Targets

A

Searching Fire

36
Q

Type of Fire for Linear Targets With Depth

A

Traverse and Search

37
Q

Keys to Overhead Fires

A

Coordination
Communication
Situational Awareness

38
Q

Overhead Fires

A

Overhead fire is only delivered from either
the tripod or vehicle mounts using the
T & E mechanisms.

This type of fire is used from atop
buildings, hill tops, vehicles, or any other
location that is higher than the advancing
troops and ONLY ON TARGETS BETWEEN
350 AND 800 METERS!

39
Q

Gunner’s Rule

A

Can be applied when friendly troops are at least 350m in front of the gun position and the range to the target is 850m or less.

Lay the gun on the target with the correct sight setting.

Without disturbing the lay of the gun, set rear sight to 1,600m

Look through sights and notice where the new line of aim
Strikes the ground. This is the limit of troop safety. When the feet of the friendly troops reach this point, fires must be lifted or shifted.

40
Q

Overhead Fires Safety Measures

A 
Securely emplace tripod.
Use field expedient stops to avoid dipping the barrel.
Avoid overhead obstacles.
Ensure crew knows safety limits.
Use good reliable barrels.
Refer to AR 350-63 for further guidance
41
Q

Defilade Position

A

Defilade is when a machine gun and its crew are completely behind terrain that masks them from the enemy.

An observer controls fires from the Defilade and adjusts them accordingly.

42
Q

Methods of Fire Control

A 
Verbal
Hand and arm signals 
Prearranged signals 
Personal contact
Range cards
SOP’S
43
Q

Fire Controls SOP’s

A 
Observations		      
Leader checks		
Shift fire			      
Mutual support
Fire
Return Fire
Rates of Fire
44
Q

Prearranged Signals

A 
Flares
Smoke
Phase Lines
Tracers
Lulls in Fire
Taps (Left/Right)
45
Q

Six Elements of Fire Command

A 
Alert
Direction
Description
Range
Method of Fire
Command to Fire
46
Q

Principles of Machine Gun Employment

A 
Mutual Support
Coordination
Interlocking Fire
Sited in Defilade
Sited to Produce Enfilade Fire
Cover and Concealment 
Economy of Ammunition

MG Employment (2 decks)

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