freuds psychodynamic approach

Question 1

what is the structurre of personality

Answer 1

ID - present at birth until 2
demands immediate gratification of its urges
seeks pleasure and avoids pain
pleasure principle

Ego - emerges around 2-3 years
satisfy demands of ID and superego
gratify ID impulses in line of what is realistic
norms and rules of society learned
protect conscious mind against unpleasant experiences
realitity principle

superego - 3 to 6 years
understanding right and wrong
pleasures ego to control id
child feels pride or guilt
aggressive impulses should be controlled
morality principle

Question 2

what is the defence mechanism

Answer 2

used by ego

displacement - emotions redirected to a 3rd part

projection - individuals own undesirable chracteristics or feelings are attributed to others

Question 3

what is the topograohical model

Answer 3

the structure of the mind

conscious - mental processes of which we are fully aware

preconscious - can become conscious

unconscious - inner drives, mental processes than can never be recalled to conscious

people are aggressive because it allows them to release wishes and desires which are building up in their conscious

Question 4

what is the hydraulic model

Answer 4

if emotions and instinctives are not expressed they build up and eventually explode

catharsis - vent aggression in smaller controlled doeses

Question 5

what is eros and thanatos

Answer 5

eros - energy is focused on preservation and enjoyment of life

thanatos- drive towards death and destruction to prevent us from hurting outselves, the energy of thanatos will often be redirected away from the person and towards others resulting in aggression

Question 6

what is catharsis

Answer 6

releasing aggression or sexual energy throuh fantasy
produces a cleansing effect
watching violence or taking part in minor aggression

Question 7

evaluate the psychodynamic approach

Answer 7

+ complete model as instinct ( bio), logic (gog) and society (social)
- difficult to study scientifically as they are unconscious, abstract constructs that we have no way of knowing they even exist
+ hokanson found that behaving in an aggressive way reduces tension in the individual shown by biological measures, evidence for catharsis
- he found that it increased the likely hood of later aggression which goes against catharsis
+ concept of defence mechanisms seems to have strong face validity, people often use displacement
- subjective and have little credibility, they cannon be falsified, lack validity and reliability