Freud's Psychosexual and Psychosocial Theories Flashcards
Oral
(0-1) Infants develop special relationships with caregivers. Pleasure center is in their mouths.
Anal
(1-3) Pleasure shifts to the anus and potty training begins.
Phallic
(3-6) Genitalia is the greatest source of pleasure as they experience self curiosity
Latency
(6-Puberty) Period of self social and cognitive development while sexual impulses remain dominant.
Genital
(Puberty - Adulthood) Mature sexual interests and relationships motivate behavior.
Id
biological self, pleasure principle
Ego
realized and rational self
Superego
internalized parent, behavior must match parental restrictions or you experience guilt.
What are Freud’s stages of Psychosexual development
Oral (0-1), Anal (1-3), Phallic (3-6), Latency (6-pub) and Genital (pub through adulthood)
What are Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development
Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1)
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1-3)
Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6)
Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12)
Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-20)
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood)
Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood)
Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)
Trust vs Mistrust
Child develops a sense of the world (Hope)
Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
Child develops a sense of personal control (Willpower)
Initiative vs Guilt
Child practice asserting control (Purpose)
Industry vs Inferiority
Child needs to learn academic skills (Competence)
Identity vs Role Confusion
Adolescent makes choices about values (Identity)
Intimacy vs Isolation
Adult becomes willing to commit to partnership (Love)
Generativity vs Stagnation
Adult wishes to create something of lasting value (Care)
Ego Integrity vs Despair
Adult comes to terms with life (Wisdom)
Piaget’s Cognitive Stages of Development
Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-6)
Concrete Operational (7-11)
Formal Operational 12 - Adulthood)
Sensorimotor (0-2)
experiences the world through senses and actions (object permanence)
Preoperational (2-6)
representing things with words and images (pretend play, language development and egocentrism)
Concrete Operational (7-11)
children gain mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events (conservation)
Formal Operational (12+)
children think hypothetically and process abstract thoughts (abstract thought and mature moral reasoning)
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
the gap between a child’s actual developmental level and the higher-level potential.
Super & Harkness Niche Theory
children’s development is shaped by the cultural and ecological context in which they live, including the physical environment, social relationships, and cultural values and practices.
Bronfenbernner’s Environmental Systems Theory
Proposes that an individual’s development is shaped by their interactions with various environmental systems. the microsystem (immediate environment), mesosystem (connections between microsystems), exosystem (indirect environment), macrosystem (cultural and societal values), and chronosystem (time and historical context)
