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Psychology 2B03 > Freud and Psychoanalysis > Flashcards

Freud and Psychoanalysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Hedonism

A

The pursuit of pleasure

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2
Q

What produces pleasure

A

Sexuality and Thanatos/Aggression

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3
Q

What impact does sexuality have on behaviour

A

Freud believed that every decision was motivated by sexual pleasure

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4
Q

What is Thanatos and how is it related to pleasure

A

Thanatos is the “death instinct” and implies that we have a desire to return to a state of no pressure. This state is believed to be achieved through aggression

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5
Q

Define Libido and how it works

A

Libido is the essence that powers every behaviour we have till the day we day. Our libido, in a sense, is our motivation, which is based off our need for sexual or aggressive pleasure. We often make decisions that satisfy both pleasures.

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6
Q

What is the Id

A

The id is the primitive instincts of the brain. It is located in the unconscious mind and is focused on the present. It wants pleasure, and it wants it now. Your id never changes because it has no sense of time.

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7
Q

What is the pleasure principle

A

The id doesn’t understand the consequences of its actions, just wants sexual or aggressive satisfaction.

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8
Q

What is primary process thinking?

A

Attaching energy to an image that has been associated with something pleasurable

i.e. The oedipus complex

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9
Q

Predicate thinking

A

Mistaking other objects for a different one. This is where symbolism comes in to play

i.e. mistaking tall rigid objects as penises

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10
Q

Cathexis

A

The bond between id and an image. The id attaches libido to this object or image

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11
Q

What is the Ego?

A

The ego is used to help the id. The ego determines whether it is safe to perform a behaviour, and what the consequences may be if you do it. It is mostly unconscious, but a small fraction isn’t. The ego learns from experience

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12
Q

Reality Principle

A

If it feels good, do it, but only if its safe

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13
Q

What is anti-cathexis

A

When the id is cathecting an image potentially dangerous, the ego can block that image from the id

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14
Q

What is the Superego?

A

The superego is shaped by culture and society. It is developed around 6 yrs old and determines whether doing something is good or bad (morality). It doesn’t care if something is dangerous, but if it is acceptable by society.

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15
Q

What is the Ego Ideal

A

The ego ideal is things that we should do because they are ethical. It is obtained through the values of parents.

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16
Q

What is our conscience

A

What we should or should not do, according to our own values. Our parents teach us what we should add to this list based off their own values.

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17
Q

What are erogenous zones

A

Places that provide pleasure

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18
Q

Describe the oral stage

A

The oral stage is the first stage a child experiences, usually from birth to about 1 year. The child experiences pleasure from the mouth and does this in two ways, either by sucking or chewing.

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19
Q

Describe the oral incorporative stage

A

This is the first sub-stage of the oral stage. It is based off the pleasure of sucking

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20
Q

Describe the oral aggressive stage

A

This is the second sub-stage of the oral stage. The child gets pleasure from biting and chewing now

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21
Q

What is the importance of the oral stage

A

The oral stage is when a child has to learn to control their impulses. They have to learn that they cannot get everything exactly when they want it. This stage has to go from demand feeding to scheduled feeding.

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22
Q

Describe the anal stage

A

This is the second stage in Freud’s psychosexual development, usually from 1-3 years old. The child begins to feel pleasure from the anal erogenous zone

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23
Q

Describe anal expulsive stage

A

This is the first sub-stage of the anal stage. The child gets pleasure from shitting

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24
Q

Describe the anal retentive stage

A

This is the second sub-stage of the anal stage. The child gets pleasure from holding in shit.

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25
Q

Describe the phallic stage

A

This is the third stage, occurring from approx. 3-5 yrs of age. The child first notices the pleasure they get from their phallus. This is the beginning of masturbation and also noticing the sexuality of other people for the first time.

26
Q

Discuss the basics of the Oedipus Complex for boys

A

The child becomes cathected to their mother (or whoever their caregiver is). They realize that their mother is the supplier of all their current sexual pleasures, and because of this want to possess their mothers. They fight with their father for possession of their mother.

27
Q

What is Castration Anxiety

A

The anxiety that their father will remove their penis because of of the fighting and the fact that he is stronger than the child.

28
Q

What are the effects of Castration Anxiety?

A

The child will decathect most of the sexual libido from mom and decathect most of the aggressive libido from dad

29
Q

How does the child deal with not being able to possess mother

A

The child will identify with father in order to attract mother and be less likely to be attacked by father. The child doesn’t do this for pleasure, but to avoid pain. The child will also identify (although less so) with their mother in order to possess a part of their mother within themselves. Boys also tend to be aggressive to dad-like objects (usually authoritative figures)

30
Q

Why else does the child identify with their father

A

The child will attempt to attract girls that are like their mother, and by being like their father they are more likely to do so.

31
Q

Describe the Oedipus Complex as it pertains to girls

A

Begins like boys, but soon they believe that their mother took away their penis since mother was mad she doesn’t have one. The child then decathects sexual libido from the mother and cathects the sexual libido to father’s penis. She then decathects aggressive libido from dad and cathects the aggressive libido to mom.

32
Q

What are the consequences of becoming cathected to father’s penis and not mom

A

The child identifies less with parents than boys do, and in turn have less of a superego and are less bound by morals. Girls are also cathected to father’s penis, so wants to attract a guy who appears to have a live penis more than someone who reminds them of their father.

33
Q

Describe the Latency Stage

A

The latency is the 4th stage and occurs from approx. 7-12 years old. The child has repressed most feelings in the Oedipus complex, and as a result enters a dissexual period. The child engages in almost no sexual activity, instead displacing sexual libido towards crushes, phallic objects, and symbols of sexuality.

34
Q

Describe the Genital Stage

A

The final stage of Freud’s Psychosexual development. This stage occurs from 12 years old until death. The life choices we make in this stage are a reflection from choices we made in previous stages.

35
Q

What is fixation and what are its implications on personality

A

Every time a child enters a new stage, most of the libido is brought over, but a little bit is left behind. When more libido is left behind than normal, that is considered a fixation. Fixation can help determine certain types of personality you may display when you are older.

36
Q

Oral Incorporative Fixation

A

Taking something in is a from of pleasure, including food, information, or movies. People who are fixated on this stage tend to be needy, gullible, and trusting.

37
Q

Oral Aggressive Fixation

A

Into aggressive oral pleasures including chewing and biting, whether that is food or someone’s ear. They are also commonly aggressive towards partners, doing things like bondage or whipping. These people are usually aggressive and critical of others.

38
Q

What does stress have to do with fixation

A

The symptoms we show under stress tend to reflect the stage we are fixated on i.e. biting nails, or vomiting

39
Q

Why is shit considered valuable to children

A

Parents react to kids shitting, and so the kids believe that parents value their shit. The child therefore shits as a thank you for providing sexual pleasure.

40
Q

Anal Expulsive Fixation

A

As children these people tend to be dirty. They are usually generous people, but very messy. They are not dirty as adults, but may be into dirty jokes or dirty occupations/hobbies.

41
Q

What are the 3 types of anxiety?

A

Reality anxiety, morality anxiety, and neurotic anxiety

42
Q

Reality anxiety

A

Anxiety caused by the outside world.

i.e. tests, driving a car

43
Q

Morality Anxiety

A

Anxiety cause by thinking or doing something bad/goes against your morals. Located in the superego

44
Q

Neurotic Anxiety

A

Anxiety that our impulses are going to get so strong that we can’t control ourselves. Located in the ego

45
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

A way of dealing with anxiety by deceiving ourselves so we are not aware of what is causing the anxiety

i.e. anxiety that you want mom, deceive yourself that you don’t

46
Q

What is another way of dealing with anxiety

A

Rationally dealing with the problem

i.e. if test causes anxiety, study for it

47
Q

Repression

A

A form of defense mechanisms. Forms an anti-cathexis between id and anxiety causing image so ego doesn’t even know it wants this.

i.e. anti-cathexis blocks loving mom

48
Q

Freudian Slips (Parapraxes)

A

When we make a mistake in language and say something else. That something else is libido slipping through the cracks.

49
Q

Latent Dreams

A

Expressing your desires through a dreams, but so well that your ego doesn’t even realize what that hidden desire is. Uses symbols from memories of that desire.

i.e. loving mom, riding a bike with mom, her bike shows up in dream

50
Q

Condensation

A

Piling up other repressed libido into a dream

51
Q

Displacement

A

Another defense mechanism. Displaces your libido towards a symbol that represents the original desire.

i.e. I love mom to I love someone like mom

52
Q

Sublimation (Displacement)

A

Displacement away from original desire to something more socially acceptable or even praised

i.e. I hate dad to I hate my opponent in football

53
Q

Projection

A

Defense Mechanism. Attributing impulses onto original object.

i.e. I hate dad to dad hates me

54
Q

Rationalization

A

Defense mechanism. Making a reason why you are doing what you do in order to fool ourselves about the real motives

i.e. I love mom to Mom needs my attention, its only what any good son would do

55
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Defense mechanism. Turns original desire into opposite emotion

i.e. I hate dad to I love dad…“you shouldn’t travel anymore even though you love to because its not good for you”

56
Q

Identification

A

Defense mechanism. Used when losing a loved one or thing. Identifying with your desire in order to love yourself and direct libido towards self.

i.e. I am Mom, and I love myself

57
Q

Denial

A

Most primitive and disruptive defense mechanism. Used as a last resort. Used when anxiety causing action has been performed, and as a result the only way to protect self is by forgetting memory

I hurt dad to I would NEVER hurt dad

58
Q

Scientific Cirticisms

A

Biased sample, hard to quantify and validate, self-validating

59
Q

Philosophical Criticisms

A

Overemphasis on unconscious and base instincts, not enough change after puberty, pessimistic

60
Q

Support for Freud

A

Acceptance of unconscious mind including subliminal influence and implicit attitudes.

Psychology 2B03 (3 decks)

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