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Personality and Individual Differences > Freud > Flashcards

Freud Flashcards

1
Q

What is Freud famous for?

A

Psychoanalysis

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2
Q

How did Freud view personality?

A

Dynamic flow of mental energy

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3
Q

What quote did Freud say about dreams?

A

“The interpretation of Dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind”.

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4
Q

What methods did Freud use to analyse the unconscious?

A
  1. Dream analysis
  2. Slips of the tongue
  3. Analysis of art
    4.Free association
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5
Q

Which models did Freud create?

A

Topographical model
Structural model

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6
Q

What is the topographical model?

A

Conscious, preconscious, unconscious

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7
Q

What is the conscious?

A

everything we are aware of e.g. our current thoughts are perceptions.

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8
Q

What is the preconscious?

A

below the surface of consciousness but can be accessed e.g. old phone number.

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9
Q

What is the unconscious?

A

Socially unacceptable or shameful memories, urges, fantasies
Repression – active process keeping unacceptable material hidden.

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10
Q

What is the structural model?

A

id, ego, superego (and ego ideal)

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11
Q

What is the id?

A

Born with our Id – allows us to get basic needs met
Based on the pleasure principle
The Id speaks until its needs are met (instant gratification)
Irrational, acts on impulse
No consideration of consequences, what is possible, desirable or acceptable

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12
Q

What is the ego?

A

Develops around age 2 to 3
Based on the reality principle
Planning, thinking and organising (executive part of personality)
The mediator between child and world
Say ‘Please and thank you’

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13
Q

What is the superego?

A

Develops around age 5
Equated with conscience
Child adopts many values of same sex-parent (identification)
Partly conscious, partly unconscious & consists of conscience & ego-ideal

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14
Q

What is the Ego Ideal?

A

Part of the Superego
The “ideal self”
Ego Ideal – formed via reward
Conscience – formed via punishment
Reward/punishment parallels with modern day behaviour training
Super Nanny: ‘naughty-step’ and ‘reward jars’

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15
Q

How did Freud suggest personality develops?

A

Psychosexual development

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16
Q

What are the 5 psychosexual stages?

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latency
  5. Genital
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17
Q

When does the oral stage occur?

A

<18 months

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18
Q

When does the anal stage occur?

A

18-36 months

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19
Q

When does the phallic stage occur?

A

3-6 years

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20
Q

When does the phallic stage occur?

A

6 years to puberty

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21
Q

When does the genital stage occur?

A

puberty onwards

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22
Q

What personality develops when fixation occurs in the oral stage?

A

‘Oral receptive’ adults: very dependant on others
‘Oral aggressive’ adults: hostile and domineering

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23
Q

What personality develops when fixation occurs in the anal stage?

A

‘Anal retentive’ personality: mean, stubborn, orderly
‘Anal expulsive’ personality: resist attempts from others to control them, disorganised, disregard rules

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24
Q

What personality develops when fixation occurs in the phallic stage?

A

Phallic personality
For men, vain self-assured
For women, fight for superiority over men

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25
What personality develops when fixation occurs in the latency stage?
No adult fixations occur at this stage
26
What personality develops when fixation occurs in the genital stage?
Genital character in adulthood
27
What fixation occurs in the oral stage?
oral behaviour e.g. smoking, chewing nails or eating
28
What fixation occurs in the anal stage?
orderly, obstinacy, meanness
29
What fixation occurs in the phallic stage?
Vanity, recklessness, promiscuous
30
What fixation occurs in the latency stage?
No FIXATIONS OCCUR DURING THIS STAGE
31
What fixation occurs in the genital stage?
Such people are mature and able to be loved
32
What is the term for the inability to remember early childhood events?
Infantile Amnesia
33
What is infantile amnesia?
Occurs during latency stage. unable to remember early childhood events such as penis envy and castration anxiety due to defence mechanisms in the latency stage (repression)
34
What stage does the oedipus complex occur?
phallic
35
Outline the oedipus complex for boys
About age 5 – boys desire their mother and fear their father They fear that their father may make a pre-emptive strike at the root of the conflict - the boy’s penis Leads to ‘Castration anxiety’ Resolved by becoming like father
36
Outline the oedipus complex for girls
For girls, the centre of the conflict is the penis, or lack of it Girls blame mother for their lack of a penis Desire father but envy his penis Leads to ‘Penis envy’ Resolved by the desire for a child
37
When do defence mechanisms develop?
At the latency stage
38
Why do we need defence mechanisms?
Conflict between Id and Super Ego (Ego Ideal) creates anxiety for the Ego
39
What do defence mechanisms protect us from?
Defence Mechanisms protect us from pain (self-esteem) Some protect us from the internal impulses of the Id Others protect us from external threats
40
What are the 10 defence mechanisms?
Repression Regression Denial Projection Reaction-formation Undoing Displacement Rationalisation Isolation Sublimation
41
What is repression?
A constant active effort by Ego to push threatening material out of consciousness
42
What is regression?
When faced with a situation we can’t resolve, we regress to an earlier stage of development
43
What is denial?
Simply refusing to believe an unpleasant reality
44
What is Projection?
Attributing our own negative impulses to someone else
45
What is reaction formation?
Suppressing unacceptable impulses and adopting an opposite course of action
46
What is undoing?
Attempting to negate feelings of guilt using ritual or kindness
47
Displacement
If we are unable to respond to unpleasant situations we may transfer our impulses onto another object or person.
48
What is rationalisation?
Finding logical reasons for unacceptable behaviour or thoughts
49
What is isolation?
Separating the anxiety-provoking aspects of an event from other thoughts and behaviours
50
What is Sublimation
Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable actions
51
Give an example of repression
forgetting a traumatic event, such as sexual abuse
52
Give an example of regression
when sick we may become helpless
53
Example of Denial
refusing to accept a terminal diagnosis and not following treatment plan.
54
Example of projection
Blaming politicians for inhuman behaviour when being unkind yourself
55
Example of Reaction-Formation
parent who resents having children showering them with affection
56
Example of undoing
complimenting someone you have upset, rather than apologising
57
Example of displacement
‘Kick the cat mentality’ where you take out frustrations on someone else
58
Example of rationalisation
Claiming that you ’never liked her anyway’ after being dumped
59
Example of isolation
going straight back to work after a bereavement
60
Example of sublimation
playing physical sports such as rugby
61
Strengths of Freudian Theory
1. First systematic theory of personality 2. Adult personality depends of childhood experiences 3. Some of the personalities proposed do seem to exist 4. Comprehensive theory
62
Weaknesses of Freudian Theory
1. Not empirically testable 2. Hard to establish what childhood experiences a person has had 3. Implies personality develops in a more orderly way than it does 4. Adult personality depends more on heredity and on experiences in adolescence than Freud assumed 5. No observations of children 6. Minimises traumatic experiences 7. Androcentric

Personality and Individual Differences (5 decks)

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