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Wood Aquatics > Freshwater Final Review > Flashcards

Freshwater Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 conditions needed for lake overturns?

A

Uniform temperature and wind

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2
Q

What % of plants cause become invasive and become problems?

A

1 %

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3
Q

What algae has 8, 16 or 32 cells

A

Pandorina

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4
Q

What are accessory pigments and what color are the pigments?

A

Accessory pigment are used for photosynthesis for low light levels.Pigment colors : red and brown

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5
Q

What is the main source of acid rain?

A

Fossil Fuels

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6
Q

What is adhesion?

A

The ability of water to attach to another surface

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7
Q

Which algae can clog the gills of young fish and suffocate them?

A

Volvox

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8
Q

Which aglae has red pigment that can be used turn the water red?

A

Euglena

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9
Q

How do algae blooms affect oxygen?

A

Decreases oxygen

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10
Q

What is the # 1 most tolerant algae when it comes to pollution?

A

Euglena

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11
Q

What is the second most pollution tolerant algae?

A

Oscillatoria

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12
Q

What problems does ammonia cause in aquatic ecosystems?

A

Ammonia comes from waste and is toxic to fish

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13
Q

What is aquaculture?

A

The raising of aquatic animals for foodCatfish, trout, crayfish

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14
Q

This plant can survive in anaerobic soils. What is it called?

A

Hydrophyte

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15
Q

What are the steps when assessing water?

A
  • Observation
  • Algae and insects
  • Simple tests like DO, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate pH
  • Tests for specific toxinx
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16
Q

What are the benefits of native plants?

A
  • Provides oxygen
  • Helps control erosion
  • Nursery for small organisms and fish
  • Food
  • Spawning
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17
Q

What is biocontrol

A
  • Fish
  • Insects
  • Diseases
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18
Q

Which algae has a boat shape?

A

Navicula

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of bogs:

A

Soggy gound with lichen and moss

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20
Q

What is Caddo Lake?

A

Texas’s only natural lake?

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21
Q

What is a botanist?

A

An scientist that studies plants

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22
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

An animal that eats meat

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23
Q

What animal eats carrion (meat)?

A

carnivore

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24
Q

What is the formula

A

Sugar + Oxygen —–> Carbon Dioxide + Water (releases energy)

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25
Q

What are the main sources of chlorine?

A

Waste water and industry

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26
Q

Which algae is a “clean indicator”?

A

Batrachospermum

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27
Q

What are the climax communities of succession

A

Swamps, bogs, marshes

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28
Q

What is cohesion?

A

The ability of water to stick together and form a drop of water

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29
Q

What is a consumer?

A

An animal that eats other animals or plants?

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30
Q

A lake with a dam is called a?

A

reservoir

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31
Q

Which is more dense?Freshwater or salt water?

A

Salt Water

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32
Q

Which is more dense?Warm water and cold water?

A

Cold water

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33
Q

What color are diatoms?

A

Golden brownyellow

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34
Q

Do you have more oxygen in standing water or moving water?

A

Moving water

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35
Q

Where do emergent plants get their nutrients?

A

Soil

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36
Q

What does EPA stand for?

A

Environmental Protection Agency

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37
Q

At what pH do fish die?

A

pH 3

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38
Q

This algae clogs the gills of young fish. What is it?

A

Vovox

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39
Q

Where do free floating plants get their nutrients from?

A

water

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40
Q

What is a term used to describe a free swimming animal in the water?

A

Nekton

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41
Q

What is the plant structure that allows for gas exhcange?

A

Stomata

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42
Q

What are the main minerals found in hard water?

A

Calcium and Magnesium

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43
Q

Who approves herbicides for aquatic ecosystems?

A

EPA

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44
Q

What is a herbicide?

A

Chemicals used to kill plants

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45
Q

Which lake is highly productive?Oligotrophic, Eutrophic, Mesotrophic

A

Eutrophic

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46
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

An animal that eats plants?

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47
Q

What is a hydric soil?

A

Soil that is saturated with water until it becomes anaerobic

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48
Q

What is a hydrophyte?

A

An aquatic plant?Hydro = waterPhyte = plant

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49
Q

What do you call a plant that evolves in a specific area?

A

Native, Indigenous

50
Q

What are other terms for invasive plants?

A

Exotic, Alien, non-indigenous, invasive

51
Q

What are the characteristics of a lake?

A

Large and deepLight penitrates only part of the way downWater layers according to temperature

52
Q

What type of lake is Lake Lewisville?

A

Reservoir

53
Q

What is the term used to describe a large plant?

A

Macrophyte

54
Q

Shallow body of water where light pentrates to the bottom

A

Pond

55
Q

What is machanical control

A
  • Hand pulling
  • Cut
  • Chop
  • Shred
  • Slurry
  • Press
  • Remove
56
Q

Which of the following is a MACROPHYTE?CopepodCyprusPlanariaSeed Shrimp

A

Cyprus

57
Q

What is a macrophyte?

A

Large PlantMacro = largePhyte = plant

58
Q

What is the management cost due to invasive plants?

A

30 billion each year

59
Q

What is the management cost for invasive plants?

A

30 billion

60
Q

What type of plants are found in a marsh?

A

Grass and sedges

61
Q

What are other terms for native plant?

A

Indegenous, native

62
Q

What term is used to describe plants that evolve in a specific area?

A

Native, Indiginous, Native

63
Q

Which of the following is a NEKTON?

A

BassClamSnailshrimp

64
Q

Why is it important to measure nitrate in an aquatic system?

A

Nitrate is the least toxic of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. It is also the form of nitrogen that can be used by plants.

65
Q

What is the purpose of nitrobacter?

A

Converts nitrite to nitrate

66
Q

What is the purpose of nitrosomonas?

A

Converts ammonia to nitrite

67
Q

What are threeways plants uptake nutrients?

A
  • Floating plants and Emergent plants use roots
  • Free Foating use water roots
  • Submergent get nutrients from water
68
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

An animal that eats plants and animals

69
Q

Open area of a lake

A

Lemnetic

70
Q

Organisms that are found living in or on the bottom are called?

A

Benthon

71
Q

Organisms that cling to other animals or plants are called?

A

Periphyton

72
Q

One lake over turn is called?

A

Monomictic

73
Q

Two overturns are called?

A

Dimictic

74
Q

How many overturns to Texas lake have?

A

One

75
Q

What are the ways aquatic plants get oxgyen?

A
  • Emergent and Floating plants get oxygen through the stomata – contact with the atmosphere
  • Submergent plants - from the water
76
Q

what is the range of pH?

A

0 - 14

77
Q

What is an acid?

A
  • More hydrogen ions than hydroxide

* Range 0 - 6

78
Q

What is a base?

A
  • More hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions

* Range: 8 - 14

79
Q

What is nutral?

A

pH 7

80
Q

What is the formula?

A

Carbon dioxide + Water —-> Sugar + oxygen (in presenceof sunlight)

81
Q

What is physical control?

A
  • Dyes
  • lowering water levels
  • Freezing
  • Drying and burning
82
Q

What is the term used to describe a plant library?

A

Herbarium

83
Q

What are the three ways aquatic plants are support themselves?

A
  • Emergent plans — mostly cellulose
  • Floating and Fee Floating —– water and cellulose
  • Submergent ——- mostly water
84
Q

What is the term used to describe a plant that lives in a water and soil that is anaerobic?

A

Hyrophyte

85
Q

What is the range of the index number?

A

1 - 51 is least tolerant5 is most tolerant

86
Q

What are the characteristics of a pond?

A

Smaller and shallower than a lakeLight pentrates to the bottom

87
Q

What is the % porosity of an terrestrial plant?

A

2% - 4 %

88
Q

What is the % porosity of aquatic plants?

A

Up to 60%

89
Q

Power Plants release warm water in to lakes and ponds. What affect does this have on dissolved oxygen?

A

Decreases oxgyen

90
Q

What are examples of primary producers?

A

Phytoplankton, Algae, Aquatic Plants

91
Q

Name examples of primary producers

A

Phytoplankton, algae, aquatic plants, cyprus

92
Q

What are examples of producers?

A

Plants, algae, phytoplankton

93
Q

This lake is highly productive, lots of plants and animals. It is?

A

Eutrophic

94
Q

One of your algae can turn the water red. What is it?

A

Euglena

95
Q

What is running water called?

A

Lotic

96
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance dissolved in water

97
Q

What is a solvent?

A

Water: The Universal Solvent

98
Q

What is the purpose of spikes and projection in algae?

A

Increase surface area

99
Q

What do you call standing water?

A

Lentic

100
Q

What is the function of the stomata?

A

Leaf poor where gas exchange take placeTranspiration takes place here

101
Q

A scientist that studies insects is called?

A

Entomologist

102
Q

Where would a submergent plant get oxygen?

A

water

103
Q

What is succession?

A

The natural aging of a lake

104
Q

What is an example of the use of surface tension

A

Water striders and beetles that skate across the surface of the water

105
Q

What plants are found in a swamp?

A

Trees such as cypruss

106
Q

What is the only natural lake in Texas?

A

Caddo lake

107
Q

What traits of invasives make them so bad for aquatic systems?

A
  • Grow fast and spread across large areas
  • Reproduce: fragments, seeds, stolens, buds, shoots
  • Survive different temperature, light, water and soil
  • Almost impossible to control once established
108
Q

What is turbidity?

A

The amount of particulate matter in water that decreases the clarity of water

109
Q

What is a type of diatom that is shaped like a boat?

A

Navicula

110
Q

What make water a good universal solvent?

A

it is a polar molecule

111
Q

What do you call someone who manages a waste water treatment plant?

A

Waste Water Manager

112
Q

What is the term used to describe water saturated soil that was anaerbic?

A

Hydric Soil

113
Q

What organims are considered decomposers?

A

Bacteria and fungi

114
Q

Which of the following is NOT submergent?WatermilfoilHydrillaCharaduckweed

A

Duckweed

115
Q

Which algae is the most widely distrubuted?

A

Scenedesmus

116
Q

What is the most widely distrubuted algae?

A

Scenedesmus

117
Q

What is a wildlife biologist?

A

A scientist that studies the BEHAVIORS of animals

118
Q

What is a wildlife Ecologist?

A

A scientist that studies how animals FIT into the ecosystem

119
Q

The open area of a lake

A

Lemnetic Zone

120
Q

The bottom cold layer of a lake

A

Profundal

121
Q

What zone of a lake is shallow, has lots of plants and light penetrates to the bottom?

A

Littoral Zone

Wood Aquatics (7 decks)

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