Freshwater Final Review Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 2 conditions needed for lake overturns?
A
Uniform temperature and wind
2
Q
What % of plants cause become invasive and become problems?
A
1 %
3
Q
What algae has 8, 16 or 32 cells
A
Pandorina
4
Q
What are accessory pigments and what color are the pigments?
A
Accessory pigment are used for photosynthesis for low light levels.Pigment colors : red and brown
5
Q
What is the main source of acid rain?
A
Fossil Fuels
6
Q
What is adhesion?
A
The ability of water to attach to another surface
7
Q
Which algae can clog the gills of young fish and suffocate them?
A
Volvox
8
Q
Which aglae has red pigment that can be used turn the water red?
A
Euglena
9
Q
How do algae blooms affect oxygen?
A
Decreases oxygen
10
Q
What is the # 1 most tolerant algae when it comes to pollution?
A
Euglena
11
Q
What is the second most pollution tolerant algae?
A
Oscillatoria
12
Q
What problems does ammonia cause in aquatic ecosystems?
A
Ammonia comes from waste and is toxic to fish
13
Q
What is aquaculture?
A
The raising of aquatic animals for foodCatfish, trout, crayfish
14
Q
This plant can survive in anaerobic soils. What is it called?
A
Hydrophyte
15
Q
What are the steps when assessing water?
A
- Observation
- Algae and insects
- Simple tests like DO, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate pH
- Tests for specific toxinx
16
Q
What are the benefits of native plants?
A
- Provides oxygen
- Helps control erosion
- Nursery for small organisms and fish
- Food
- Spawning
17
Q
What is biocontrol
A
- Fish
- Insects
- Diseases
18
Q
Which algae has a boat shape?
A
Navicula
19
Q
What are the characteristics of bogs:
A
Soggy gound with lichen and moss
20
Q
What is Caddo Lake?
A
Texas’s only natural lake?
21
Q
What is a botanist?
A
An scientist that studies plants
22
Q
What is a carnivore?
A
An animal that eats meat
23
Q
What animal eats carrion (meat)?
A
carnivore
24
Q
What is the formula
A
Sugar + Oxygen —–> Carbon Dioxide + Water (releases energy)
25
What are the main sources of chlorine?
Waste water and industry
26
Which algae is a "clean indicator"?
Batrachospermum
27
What are the climax communities of succession
Swamps, bogs, marshes
28
What is cohesion?
The ability of water to stick together and form a drop of water
29
What is a consumer?
An animal that eats other animals or plants?
30
A lake with a dam is called a?
reservoir
31
Which is more dense?Freshwater or salt water?
Salt Water
32
Which is more dense?Warm water and cold water?
Cold water
33
What color are diatoms?
Golden brownyellow
34
Do you have more oxygen in standing water or moving water?
Moving water
35
Where do emergent plants get their nutrients?
Soil
36
What does EPA stand for?
Environmental Protection Agency
37
At what pH do fish die?
pH 3
38
This algae clogs the gills of young fish. What is it?
Vovox
39
Where do free floating plants get their nutrients from?
water
40
What is a term used to describe a free swimming animal in the water?
Nekton
41
What is the plant structure that allows for gas exhcange?
Stomata
42
What are the main minerals found in hard water?
Calcium and Magnesium
43
Who approves herbicides for aquatic ecosystems?
EPA
44
What is a herbicide?
Chemicals used to kill plants
45
Which lake is highly productive?Oligotrophic, Eutrophic, Mesotrophic
Eutrophic
46
What is a herbivore?
An animal that eats plants?
47
What is a hydric soil?
Soil that is saturated with water until it becomes anaerobic
48
What is a hydrophyte?
An aquatic plant?Hydro = waterPhyte = plant
49
What do you call a plant that evolves in a specific area?
Native, Indigenous
50
What are other terms for invasive plants?
Exotic, Alien, non-indigenous, invasive
51
What are the characteristics of a lake?
Large and deepLight penitrates only part of the way downWater layers according to temperature
52
What type of lake is Lake Lewisville?
Reservoir
53
What is the term used to describe a large plant?
Macrophyte
54
Shallow body of water where light pentrates to the bottom
Pond
55
What is machanical control
* Hand pulling
* Cut
* Chop
* Shred
* Slurry
* Press
* Remove
56
Which of the following is a MACROPHYTE? CopepodCyprusPlanariaSeed Shrimp
Cyprus
57
What is a macrophyte?
Large PlantMacro = largePhyte = plant
58
What is the management cost due to invasive plants?
30 billion each year
59
What is the management cost for invasive plants?
30 billion
60
What type of plants are found in a marsh?
Grass and sedges
61
What are other terms for native plant?
Indegenous, native
62
What term is used to describe plants that evolve in a specific area?
Native, Indiginous, Native
63
Which of the following is a NEKTON?
BassClamSnailshrimp
64
Why is it important to measure nitrate in an aquatic system?
Nitrate is the least toxic of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. It is also the form of nitrogen that can be used by plants.
65
What is the purpose of nitrobacter?
Converts nitrite to nitrate
66
What is the purpose of nitrosomonas?
Converts ammonia to nitrite
67
What are three ways plants uptake nutrients?
* Floating plants and Emergent plants use roots
* Free Foating use water roots
* Submergent get nutrients from water
68
What is an omnivore?
An animal that eats plants and animals
69
Open area of a lake
Lemnetic
70
Organisms that are found living in or on the bottom are called?
Benthon
71
Organisms that cling to other animals or plants are called?
Periphyton
72
One lake over turn is called?
Monomictic
73
Two overturns are called?
Dimictic
74
How many overturns to Texas lake have?
One
75
What are the ways aquatic plants get oxgyen?
* Emergent and Floating plants get oxygen through the stomata -- contact with the atmosphere
* Submergent plants - from the water
76
what is the range of pH?
0 - 14
77
What is an acid?
* More hydrogen ions than hydroxide
| * Range 0 - 6
78
What is a base?
* More hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions
| * Range: 8 - 14
79
What is nutral?
pH 7
80
What is the formula?
Carbon dioxide + Water ----> Sugar + oxygen (in presence of sunlight)
81
What is physical control?
* Dyes
* lowering water levels
* Freezing
* Drying and burning
82
What is the term used to describe a plant library?
Herbarium
83
What are the three ways aquatic plants are support themselves?
* Emergent plans --- mostly cellulose
* Floating and Fee Floating ----- water and cellulose
* Submergent ------- mostly water
84
What is the term used to describe a plant that lives in a water and soil that is anaerobic?
Hyrophyte
85
What is the range of the index number?
1 - 51 is least tolerant5 is most tolerant
86
What are the characteristics of a pond?
Smaller and shallower than a lake Light pentrates to the bottom
87
What is the % porosity of an terrestrial plant?
2% - 4 %
88
What is the % porosity of aquatic plants?
Up to 60%
89
Power Plants release warm water in to lakes and ponds. What affect does this have on dissolved oxygen?
Decreases oxgyen
90
What are examples of primary producers?
Phytoplankton, Algae, Aquatic Plants
91
Name examples of primary producers
Phytoplankton, algae, aquatic plants, cyprus
92
What are examples of producers?
Plants, algae, phytoplankton
93
This lake is highly productive, lots of plants and animals. It is?
Eutrophic
94
One of your algae can turn the water red. What is it?
Euglena
95
What is running water called?
Lotic
96
What is a solute?
The substance dissolved in water
97
What is a solvent?
Water: The Universal Solvent
98
What is the purpose of spikes and projection in algae?
Increase surface area
99
What do you call standing water?
Lentic
100
What is the function of the stomata?
Leaf poor where gas exchange take placeTranspiration takes place here
101
A scientist that studies insects is called?
Entomologist
102
Where would a submergent plant get oxygen?
water
103
What is succession?
The natural aging of a lake
104
What is an example of the use of surface tension
Water striders and beetles that skate across the surface of the water
105
What plants are found in a swamp?
Trees such as cypruss
106
What is the only natural lake in Texas?
Caddo lake
107
What traits of invasives make them so bad for aquatic systems?
* Grow fast and spread across large areas
* Reproduce: fragments, seeds, stolens, buds, shoots
* Survive different temperature, light, water and soil
* Almost impossible to control once established
108
What is turbidity?
The amount of particulate matter in water that decreases the clarity of water
109
What is a type of diatom that is shaped like a boat?
Navicula
110
What make water a good universal solvent?
it is a polar molecule
111
What do you call someone who manages a waste water treatment plant?
Waste Water Manager
112
What is the term used to describe water saturated soil that was anaerbic?
Hydric Soil
113
What organims are considered decomposers?
Bacteria and fungi
114
Which of the following is NOT submergent?WatermilfoilHydrillaCharaduckweed
Duckweed
115
Which algae is the most widely distrubuted?
Scenedesmus
116
What is the most widely distrubuted algae?
Scenedesmus
117
What is a wildlife biologist?
A scientist that studies the BEHAVIORS of animals
118
What is a wildlife Ecologist?
A scientist that studies how animals FIT into the ecosystem
119
The open area of a lake
Lemnetic Zone
120
The bottom cold layer of a lake
Profundal
121
What zone of a lake is shallow, has lots of plants and light penetrates to the bottom?
Littoral Zone
