FRENCH REVOLUTION FINAL ASSESMENT Flashcards
REVISE
when did the French revolution start and end
The French Revolution started in 1789 and ended in 1799 with the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte.
what was the three estates
The Three Estates were the social classes in pre-revolutionary France
who were in the three estates and what percentage of the population do they span
First Estate (Clergy): 1% of the population
Second Estate (Nobility): 2% of the population
Third Estate (Commoners): 97% of the population
what privileges did the three estates have
First Estate: did not pay tax and had their own law courts
Second Estate: had to pay little in tax don’t have do military services and could carry a sword
Third Estate: had no privileges.
what was the “ancien regime”
the old system of government and society in France, which was on absolute monarchy and the privileges of the First and Second Estates.
what was the tax system like for the three estates
The richer you are the less tax
what problem did the tax system of the French bring to its citizens
the would just keep getting richer and the poor would just keep getting poorer
who were the king and queen of France and why were they disliked
The king was Louis XVI and the queen was Marie Antoinette. the queen was disliked for her extravagant spending unloyalty to Louis and also because he was Austrian Louis XVI was disliked because he was a complete Monarchy and could solve Frances many problems
what and where was the Petit Trianon
The Petit Trianon was a Marie Antoinnette is a small hamlet located on the grounds of the Palace of Versailles.
why did some people criticize Mary Antoinnette for building a hamlet and why did some people think its good
Critics saw it as wasteful and out of touch and offended when others are struggling. Supporters argued it improved the environment and she did save 12 poor family with it
what was the “lettres de cachet”
The lettres de cachet were letters signed by the king that allowed the imprisonment or exile of individuals without trials
why was France in Financial Debts
France was in debt due to the extravagant spending of the monarchy. and the tax system was inefficient. so they are spending much more then they earn
why did the king call Estates Generals for a meeting
King Louis XVI called the Estates-General in 1789 to address France’s financial crisis and to get approval for the new taxes system.
when was the “Estates General”
May 5th 1789
what was the voting system like in the Estates General meeting and what did the third estate think of it
In the Estates General, each estate had one vote, meaning the First and Second Estates could always outvote the Third Estate. The Third Estate, representing 97% of the population, felt that this system was unfair.
why did France suffer a food crisis and what affects did it bring
poor harvests due to bad weather caused food shortages and its price rising leading to hunger, poverty, and effects on other manufactures as people couldn’t offered them
where was the estates General meeting held and what happened and what did the third estates suggest in it and what did the king act on it and what did they react to it
in a large hall in Versailles. The Third Estate wanted a vote per person to ensure their influence. The king rejected this and locked the Third Estate out, leading to the Tennis Court Oath.
what and when was the tennis court oath and what did the king do about it
June 20, 1789, when members of the Third Estate was locked out of the Estates General they swore to Oath to stop until they had changed how France was governed. The king tried to stop them but was eventually accepted their demands.
what was the bastille and what did it represent
The Bastille was a prison in Paris that symbolized the Royal absolute power and abuse as the victims of the Lettres de cachet was sent here
when and what was the storming of the bastille
The Storming of the Bastille occurred on July 14, 1789, when protestants stormed the prison in protest against the king’s authority freeing its prisoners and in search of weapons and gunpowder.
when and what was the “Declaration of the rights of man and the citizens” about and give three points of it
on August 26, 1789, it declared the rights of individuals and the principles of the Revolution.
The law should be the same for everyone
The power to rule came from the whole nation
Every citizen could talk write and publish freely
what and when was “The womans march to Versailles” and what happened to the royal family after that
took place on October 5, 1789. Thousands of women marched to Versailles to demand bread and bring the king and queen back to Paris on the 6th
why and when and what happened at the flight to Varennes
In 20 - 21 June 1791, King Louis XVI and his family attempted to escape Paris and the Revolution but were captured in Varennes.
why did France declare war on Austria after the flight to Varennes
France declared war on Austria in because Austrian monarchs threatened to restore Louis XVI to the throne
when what and why was the storming of the Tuileries and what happened to the royal family after that and what assembly was set up for replacement
The Storming of the Tuileries occurred on August 10, 1792, when revolutionary’s attacked the royal palace, ending the monarchy. The royal family was imprisoned, and the National Convention was established to replace the monarchy.
what did the convention do to Louis XVI (DATES)
Louis XVI was tried and found guilty of treason by the National Convention He was executed by guillotine on January 21, 1793.
who were the sans culottes
The sans-culottes were working people of Paris they were the ones who overthrew the king they were named that because they refused to weir culottes
how did the rest of Europe react to Louis XVI execution and what happened
European monarchies were horrified by Louis XVI’s execution, worried about them being harmed they declared war on France.
why was there inflations and shortages when France was at war with most of Europe and what happened
because of printing large amounts of money to fund the war making them lose value and farmers would not sell crops to money losing value leading to shortages
who were the Jacobins and Girondins and what were the conflict between them
The Jacobins were a group of extreme revolutionaries who wanted quick, big changes and used force to make it happen. The Girondins were more moderate and preferred a slower, less violent approach. Their disagreement led to the Reign of Terror
what and why was the Committee of public safety
The Committee of Public Safety was created in 1793 to protect France from foreign and internal enemies during the Revolution. and key reason to the Reign of Terror.
what was the law of suspect
this allowed for the arrest or execution of anyone suspected of being an enemy of the Revolution, leading to mass arrests and executions during the Terror.
what and why was the guillotine and how did it work
The guillotine was a machine designed for execution. It was seen as a more humane method of execution, with a sharp blade that by gravity cuts of someone’s head
what Law did the Committee pass out to stop the good’s price rising
The Law of the Maximum set price limits on essential goods to prevent rise of food and hunger during the Revolution.
what happened to Christianity and the church during the terror
During the Reign of Terror, many churches were closed and were took away power because their Ideals were against revolution ideas
what happened to the committee and Robespierre in general after people thought they were no use of them anymore
After the Terror, Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety were becoming very unpopular making Robespierre arrested and executed
when was Robespierre Beheaded
Robespierre was beheaded on July 28, 1794
when was Mary Antoinette Beheaded
Marie Antoinette was beheaded on October 16, 1793.
when and what was the Directory
The Directory was the five-member executive government of France from 1795 to 1799. It was created after the fall of Robespierre but struggled with ruling
where and when was Napoleon born
Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769, on the island of Corsica.
how did Napoleon become Frances ruler
Napoleon rose to power after the French Revolution, first as a military leader, then as First Consul He then declared himself Emperor of France
what top three changes did Napoleon bring to France
Established the Napoleonic Code
Expanded its territory
Reformed education
why did the people of France want to revolve
The French people were dissatisfied with high taxes, inequality, food shortages, and the monarchy’s lavish spending and most importantly the new type of thinking spreading across Europe called Reasons
what was code Napoleon and give 3 points it emphasized
The Code Napoleon was a set of laws established by Napoleon that emphasizes
Equality: Everyone is treated the same by the law.
Freedom: People have personal freedoms.
Clear laws: Laws are easier to understand and follow.
what did Napoleon do to Govern the giant French empire
assigning his family members to rule lands he conquered
what is a negative for the citizens under Napoleons ruling
when the French army passes through your house they would dig up your croups take your horses live in your house and eat you farm animals
when and what happened in the Russian campaign (Facts) and why did it happen
In June 1812. he attacked Russia defeated due to the unexpected winter temp to -20 degrees and also because
he could not find any food shelter or horses in Russia to take and use because they all retreated to the countryside taking the advantages of their large piece of land loosing 550,000 mens out of 600,000
what happened to Napoleon after his defeat in Russia and who became the government after that
After his defeat in Russia, Napoleon gave up his throne and was exiled to Elba. The replacement was Louis XVIII
what happened in the “Hundred days”
when Napoleon escaped from exile on Elba, returned to France but most of Europe declared war on France but got defeated at Waterloo.
what and when happened at Waterloo and what happened to Napoleon after that
at the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815, defeated by the British and Prussian forces. He was exiled to Saint Helena, where he died in 1821.
Who was Robespierre and what affect did he have on the revolution
As a member of the Committee of Public Safety and host behind the Reign of Terror, he executed thousands to defend the revolution. His extreme Ideals led to his execution
when was the National assembly formed
The National Assembly was formed on June 17, 1789
when was the Law of suspect formed
The Law of Suspects was formed on 17th September 1793
When was Louis XVI arrested
July 20th, 1791 AND August 10 1792
