French Revolution Flashcards
What are the causes and outcomes of the 1789 Revolution?
Cahiers (ledger of complaints)
List of grievances drawn up by the 3 estates in France between Jan - Apri 1789.
What are the causes of the 1789 Revolution?
List of grievances drawn up by the 3 estates in France between Jan - Apri 1789.
What are the causes of the 1789 Revolution?
Compilation of King Louis XV1 convened the estates general of 1789 to manage the revolutionary situation to give each of the states the first estate (the clergy) the second (the nobility and third estate (the change to express the hopes and grievances straight to the king)
What are the causes of the 1789 Revolution?
Drawing up cahiers to estate general to crown reaction to storming of Bastille to provincial revolt to create free, to August decree to declaration of the right of man to nationalisation of church land to October Days.
What are the causes of the 1789 Revolution?
During the ancient regime (these problems influenced:)
- the way France was governed such as the taxation system, the carefully ordered yet deeply divided structure of society was threatened the gradual spread of ideas to the structure
What was France like before the 1789 Revolution?
Ruled by a Monarchy that was limited by the laws and customs of the kingdom; The King had to consult his council of advisers and ministers to make laws.
What was France like before the 1789 Revolution?
Inefficient and chaotic taxation system; Direct tax relying heavily from the peasantry, not everyone was taxed fairly and this unfairness caused resentment. The Church didn’t pay them at all and nobles were exempt from the taille.
What was France like before the 1789 Revolution?
Indirect taxes; leveed on goods. A burden on low income families but brought in huge income for the Crown, gabelle (tax on salt), aidas (tax on food and drink), octrois (taxed good entering a town).
What was France like before the 1789 Revolution?
Tax collection: tax farming was inefficient, Farmers-General collected indirect taxes on an agreed sum and anything earned above that was kept. The french government never received enough taxes to cover its expenditure so had to frequently borrow.
Interest rates payments on the debt became increasingly large.
Corruption and wastage were vast - the crown did not have adequate income.
What was France like before the 1789 Revolution?
King Louis appointed a Controller General - Turgot, influenced by the ideas of the philosophers and embarked on a reformed programme, attempting to abolish the Corvee and to reform the tax system provoked a storm of protest by the Parliament.
What was France like before the 1789 Revolution?
French society divided into 3 orders named the States of the Realm:
The first 2 estates had many privileges which they used to disadvantage the 3rd estate.
Divisions appeared through the states which proved a long term cause of the revolution.
What was France like before the 1789 Revolution?
French society divided into 3 orders named the States of the Realm:
Estate 1: Clergy - 139 Bishops, 25,000 monks, 40,000 nuns, 50,000 lower clergy
Estate 2: 350,000 nobility
Estate 3: Peasants (vast majority of people) urban workers and landless labourers
What were the origins of the French Revolution?
Bourgeoisie were the rich merchants, industralists and rich people, financiers, landowners and members of the liberal professions, lawyers and civil servants.
