French Revolution Flashcards
Louis XVI of France
King of France; executed for treason by the National Convention; absolute monarch; husband of Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette
queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793)
Robespierre
“The incorruptible;” the leader of the bloodiest portion of the French Revolution. He set out to build a republic of virtue.
Reign of Terror
This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were executed
Directory
Group of five men who served as liaisons between Robespierre and the Assembly.
Necker
financial advisor to King Louis XVI, dismissed after proposing the Estates General
Lafayette
soldier who fought for both the American and French revolutions
National Assembly
Made by the 3rd estate to Grant them more power and reperesentation due to the unfairness of the Estates General
Legislative Assembly
Has the power to create laws and collect taxes
Jean Paul Marat
physician, political theorist, and scientist best known for his career in France as a radical journalist and politician during the French Revolution. His journalism was renowned for its fiery character and uncompromising stance toward “enemies of the revolution” and basic reforms for the poorest members of society.
Emigres
Storys of hooror of the revolutionj told by nobles and clegy who escaped to other counties durning the revolution
Fish mongolers
Lower class citizens who were know for being very strong because they work at the docks
National Convention
Governing assembly (1792-95) of the French Revolution. Comprising 749 deputies elected after the overthrow of the monarchy (1792), it sought to provide a new constitution for France.
1st estate
The french upper class that consisted of the clergy and noble familys. they took up about 1% of the population
2nd estate
The french upper class similar to the 1st estate; they consited of Nobles
3rd estate
The french Middle-Lower class that consisted of Merchants, buisness owners, and farmers
Bourgeoisie
The french Middle-class who were tradionally rich buisness owners
Bastille
A french fortress that was attacked by the 3rd eastate and starte the french revolution. it was were prisoners of the king we sent
Tennis Court Oath
Oath signed by members of the 3rd eastate when they were locked out of the estates general at the palace of versilles.
Great Fear
A time in france were people were spending up to 80% of there income on bread.
Declaration of the rights of man
A document signed by the national assembly giving rights to people of France specifically the 3rd estate.
Civil constitution of 1791
Document signed by the 1st and 2nd estates giving up there special rights and there exemption from taxes.
Caheirs
Note books listing peoples grievances; they were used for record keeping
What are some of the factors that led to the French Revolution?
- Inequalities among the three estates
- Third Estate ready to revolt
- Soaring national debt
- Failed economic reform
- Soaring food prices
- Bread rights
- Parisians storm the Bastille
- All problems on the Monarchy
What was the financial reason that contributed to the French Revolution?
The French were experiencing a financial crisis and had a lot of debt support wars.
What are the three Estates?
First Estate, Second Estate, and the Third Estate
Who was the first estate?
Composed of the Catholic Clergy.
- They had long been resented for their privileges because they paid no taxes.
Who was the second estate?
Composed of the Aristocrats (nobles) who Held Government Job
- Resented their long-standing privileges, such as the right to collect money and services from peasants.
Who was the third estate?
Including everyone else in France. This was the majority of the population.
- Referred to as peasants
What was the largest estate?
The Third Estate
What were the sub-categories of the third estate?
- Merchants, Manufacturing, and professional people
- Laborers and artisans
(Bourgeoisie are the top of the Third Estate) - Peasants
What spurred the French Revolution?
The Estates General met and each wanted to retain privileges. The First and Second Estate tried to outvote the Third but did not have the majority. The stalemate would be broken when the Third Estate proclaimed itself the National Assembly.
Did Louis XVI support the national assembly?
He was outraged and tried to close down the meeting. The Third Estate Delegates fled to a nearby tennis court and took the so-called “Tennis Court” Oath, pleading not to disband until they had a formalized constitution. King Louis XVI reluctantly accepted the National Assembly, and the Third estate assumed power.
What was the National Assembly fearful of?
They feared the Royal Troops would crush and defeat the National Assembly.
What did the National Assembly do because they were afraid?
On July 14, 1789, the working people (Third Estate) of Paris stormed the Bastille in search of weapons to defend the assembly.
What is a critical factor that led to the Revolt?
Political Crises
What is the “Great Fear”
- Inflamed by famine and rumors - the turmoil in Paris begins spreading throughout the countryside
- Peasants fury unleashed on Nobles
- Paris Commune comes to Power
- Factions compete to gain power
- Paris Commune mobilizes neighborhoods
What are the National Assembly Acts?
- Special Privileges End
- Delegates abolish “Feudalism” Aug 4, 1789
- Nobles vote to end their own privileged rights
- Declaration of Rights of Man
- Modeled after the Declaration of Independence - Equal rights not granted to women
What is the March on Versailles?
Women armed themselves in Versailles because they were angered at Marie Antoinette’s extravagant lifestyle. They demanded that the kind return to Paris
How does the National Assembly press onward?
- The church is placed under state control.
- Civil constitution ends Papal Authority and dissolves convents and monasteries
- Angry reaction by Bishops, Priests, The Pope, and French peasants
What did the Constitution of 1791 establish?
A new government that replaced the absolute monarchy with a “Limited” Monarchy reflected enlightenment ideals and goals. King Louis’s escape failed!!!
How did King Louis try to escape?
- They disguised themselves and tried to cross the border
- His escape attempt marks him as a traitor to the revolution!