French Rev (religion, economy, foreign policy, government) Flashcards
What was the white terror?
An attack on ex-terrorists and people who had benefited from the revolution
Who was the white terror carried out by?
By those who had suffered from the revolution
White was the colour of bourbons so it can be seen to have been carried out by royalists, but also emigres and non-juring priests
However most people were not royalists and did not want the return on the ancient regime
Why was the white terror carried out?
The people wanted vengeance on members of the popular societies and watch committees and turned on those who had benefited from the revolution
Who benefited from the revolution?
Purchasers of state lands, gov officials and constitutional priests
Where did the white terror occur?
Did not cover all of France - confined to departments in the north and west of Loine and south of Lyon e.g. Paris, the Vendee and the South
Who were the ‘jeunesse doree’?
Middle class youths, bankers, lawyers, clerks, musicians, actors, army deserters and sons of suspects They dressed extravagantly with square collars, earrings, hair tied at the neck (as if to be guillotined)
What was the white terror in Paris like?
It was limited to the activities of the ‘jeunesse doree’ - they beat up and intimidated Jacobin and Sans Culottes in formal gangs - violence was not on the same scale as the terror
What was the terror in the Vendee like?
This was in the north east and south west of France - it was more violent and involved guerrilla warfare, as a result of the repression of the Year II
What was the chouan movement? What part did it play int he white terror in the Vendee?
The chouan movement was opposed to conscription, it began in Brittany under Jean Cotteneau’s
Groups of 50-100 men threatened the law and order, attacked grain convoys and murdered government offcials
What were the events of the white terror in the Vendee?
Chouans attack grain conveyed and murdered gov officials
Summer 1794-Spring 1796 Chouans controlled Brittany
June 1793 - 3000 emigres from channel islands landed in Quiberon beau to join the Chouans - numbering them to 22,000
Defeated by General Hoche
How was the white terror in the Vendee suppressed?
General Hoche heard about them and stopped them with 10,000 troops (surrendered) 6000 prisoners were taken, over 1000 were emigres (840 shot) ad 108 Chouans shot
Gov sent a further 140,000 men with Hoche to wipe out Chouans and Vendee rebels
Soldiers fought and by Summer 1796 gov authority was restored
