French-English Relations Flashcards
“Maitre chez nous”
“Master of our own house,” a slogan associated with Quebec’s efforts to nationalize industries and assert provincial control over its economy during the 1960s.
Hydro Quebec
Quebec’s provincial utility company responsible for hydroelectric power generation, a major economic and political entity in Quebec’s development.
Flag Debate
Debate in Canada during the 1960s over the design and adoption of a distinctive national flag to replace the Red Ensign, culminating in the adoption of the Maple Leaf flag in 1965.
Bi & Bi Commission
The Bilingualism and Biculturalism Commission, established in 1963 to examine and make recommendations on Canada’s bilingual and bicultural character.
Separatism
Political movement advocating for Quebec’s separation from Canada to form an independent state.
Parti Quebecois
Political party in Quebec founded in 1968, advocating for Quebec sovereignty and independence through democratic means.
Official Languages Act
Canadian legislation passed in 1969 establishing English and French as the official languages of Canada.
Trudeaumania
Term describing the widespread popularity and charisma of Pierre Trudeau, particularly during his campaigns and tenure as Prime Minister of Canada in the 1960s and 1970s.
October Crisis / FLQ Crisis
Crisis in 1970 in Quebec when the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ), a separatist group, kidnapped and murdered a government official, leading to the invocation of the War Measures Act.
1980 Referendum
In the 1980 Quebec referendum, Quebecers voted against negotiating independence with Canada, choosing to stay part of the country.
Yvettes
Informal term referring to Anglophone Quebecers who left Quebec during the 1970s and 1980s due to concerns over political uncertainty and language legislation.
1982 Constitution
The Constitution Act, 1982, which includes the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, was patriated from the United Kingdom to Canada, marking a significant constitutional milestone.
Bill 101
Quebec legislation passed in 1977, formally known as the Charter of the French Language, aimed at promoting and protecting the French language in Quebec.
War Measures Act
Emergency legislation invoked during the October Crisis in 1970, granting the Canadian government sweeping powers to maintain order and security removing Canadian citizens of their rights.
1995 Referendum
Referendum held in Quebec on October 30, 1995, where Quebecers narrowly voted against sovereignty by a margin of less than one percentage point, shaping future discussions on Quebec’s status within Canada.
