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History of Chairs - Module 1 > French Art Nouveau > Flashcards

French Art Nouveau Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Art Nouveau translate to? How does it get this name?

A

“new art”
- In December 1985, Sigfried “Samueel” Bing opened his famous gallery, the Maison de L’art Nouveau which showed the works of artists and designer of whom become known as the Art Nouveau Movement

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2
Q

What are some significant facts about the entrance of L’art Nouveau?

A
  • Bundles of sunflowers
  • “removed from nature”
  • turned into ornament
  • conforming to position
  • repeating arrangement
  • symmetry
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3
Q

What does Sigmeund Bing require of his designers?

A
  • used ornamental patterns taken from nature such as flowers, vines, leaves, but he also required that these organic/ natural patterns be
  • “abstracted natural forms”
  • “geometrically idealized” (ovals, circles etc.
  • “rational nature”
  • “nature idealized”
  • “symmetrical”
  • repeating patterns and shapes in equal quantities
  • harmonically repetitive (by duplicating the same paper)
  • “nature as dynamic” -
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4
Q

How does arts nouveau compare to arts and crafts movement?

A

Art Nouveau
- “geometrical idealized”
- nature as dynamic

Arts and Crafts
- “idealized nature”
- controlled
- not dynamic

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5
Q

L’art Nouveau Shop Showroom

A
  • included furniture by Eugene Gaillard and Georges De
  • not just displaying furniture but showing it set up
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6
Q

Who made the buffet?
How is the Buffet Art Nouveau?
what year?

A
  • Eugene Gaillard
  • 1895
  • requirement: use patterns from nature and abstract them / turn them into geometry
  • specifically seen in flower
  • vines are symmetrical
  • and harmonically repetitive
  • Nature dynamic: coiling, growing
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7
Q

Who was Rene Lalique?
When did he live?

A
  • 1860 - 1945
    a very admired jewelry designer who worked in metal glass and precious and semi-precious gem stones
  • works initially sold at art nouveau
  • known for using natural patterns (including not only flowers and leaves but also insects, birds, and other animals) that he represented as dynamically in motion
  • symmetrical and geometry idealized
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8
Q

What are some examples of Rene Lalique’s work?

A
  • peacock brooch
  • pansy brooch
  • leaf brooch
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9
Q

Who was Louis Comfort Tiffany? When did he live?

A

1848 - 1933
- American artist and designer best know for his working stained glass int he Art Nouveau style
- design stained glass windows and lamps, glass mosaics, blown glass, ceramics, jewelry, enamels and metalwork
- supplied Bind with lamps and vases

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10
Q

Wisteria Lamp
- Date?
- Themes of art nouveau?
- Leave patterns?
- Amount of color?

A
  • Lamp based on wisteria blossom
  • 1895
  • Tiffany
  • “abstracted natural forms”
  • “gemoetrically idealized”
  • patterns of leaves - bisected, tri-sected and solid
  • three color combinations
  • rhythmically placed so it is symmetrical
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11
Q

Peacock vase
- Date?
- Themes of art nouveau?

A
  • 1895
  • feathers as ovals
  • ovals concentrically place within oval shapes
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12
Q

Zinnia Lamp
- date?
- themes?

A
  • 1906
  • “dynamism” at base of lamp
  • dynamic nature : growing upward stretching, flexible overlapping
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13
Q

Second Peacock vase
- date
- new themes

A
  • 1903
  • dynamic shape of vase
  • dynamism
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14
Q

Dynamism in Silverware
- Date
- themes

A
  • 190
  • Serbian
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15
Q

When was the Universal Exposition? Where was it?

A

-1900
- World’s fair held in Paris

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16
Q

What was the purpose of the Universal Exposition of 1900? What style was present? When did it last from?

A
  • “to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next”
  • the style that was present was the Art Nouveau
  • from 15 April until 12 November 1900
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17
Q

What did the 1900 UE correspond with?

A

It corresponded with the olympic games

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18
Q

What was unique about the 1900 Universal Exposition?

A
  • they had to figure out how to publically transport that many people
  • The first line for the Pari Metro also began operation to coincide with the Exposition
  • Escalators were also installed
  • Moving side walks
19
Q

What famous engine was displayed? Who had invented it?

A

Rudolf Diesel exhibited his diesel engine that ran on peanut oil

20
Q

Who was awarded the gold metal at the UE 1900?

A

Campbell’s soup was awarded the gold medal
and the escalators

21
Q

How many exhibitors were at the UE 1900 and how many kilometers did it cover?

A
  • 76,000 exhibitors
  • 1.2 square kilometers
22
Q

What was the official entrance for UE 1900?

A
  • Rene Binet, Place de la Concorde
  • patterns from nature
23
Q

How did they encorporate the Eiffel Tower?

A
  • lit it with moving light
  • fired canons too
  • had good view from under the tower
24
Q

What was the Grand Palais? What was displayed there?

A
  • building made of iron and glass
  • iron work is in the form of vines leaves and flowers
  • Sculptures
25
Q

What was the Petit Palais? What was displayed there?

A
  • flower stalks
  • Gallery of Flying machines
  • Gallery of electric machines
26
Q

What was the Celestial Globe? What was its diameter?

A
  • Large globe next to eiffel tower
  • 150’ OD and 110’ ID
  • represents suns stars, planets, and comets represented dynamically
  • looks like its in the middle of spinning
27
Q

What was the famous restaurant in UE 1900?

A

Pavilion Bleu Restarant
- wood carving adn structural elements of dynamic nature in its ornamental patterns

28
Q

Where did Signmeund Bing Display his work at the UE 1900?

A
  • Bing Pavilion
  • six moel rooms simulating living environments
  • emphasized the principle of “creating an ambience”
29
Q

What did GEorges De Feure Display at Bing’s Pavilion?

A

a Sofa
- nature “abstracted”
- “geometrical idealization”

30
Q

Who wrote a pattern book in the art nouveau style?
date?
Title?

A
  • by Eugene grasset
  • 1897
  • Plants and Their Application to Ornament
31
Q

What was the School of Nancy? When was it founded?

A
  • February 1901
  • founded in the city of Nancy, France
  • Prepared design by modeling it in clay
32
Q

Who was Louis Majorelle?
when did he live?

A
  • 1859-1926
  • he was a furniture designer who manufactured his own designs in the “school of Nancy” art nouveau style
  • cabinet
33
Q

What was the school of Nancy process?

A

Prepared design by modeling it in clay
- resulting patterns were pinched looking like the clay coils
- stretched and flexible
- swelling vines
- use different materials to represent a dynamic sequence

34
Q

Majorelle, chair, 1900

A
  • model in clay
  • mix ifferent materials: wood, metal and glass would often by combine
  • the wood represents the stalks of the plant dynamically growing pward and outward
  • the bronze is used for the plant’s flower buds and roots
  • the two are attached an represent the metamorphosis of stalk to bud to flower
  • just as the wood metamorphaosizes / fuses into the bronze
35
Q

Majorelle, desk, 1900

A

abstracted natural patterns: stalk, buds, flower, roots
fusion of materials

36
Q

Who is Hector Guimard?

A
  • 1867 - 1942
  • an architect
  • designed private residences
  • designed many of the metro stations for the new underground transportation system constructed in Pari in 1900
37
Q

What was Castel Beranger?

A
  • Hector Guimard
  • residences and apartment block
  • 1887
  • abracted natural patterns, vines, leaves, buds
  • coiling “dynamic”
  • mix of materials: metal, clay tile
  • fusion of materials
  • fusion of dynamic nature
38
Q

who was the architect for Paris metro Station? date?

A
  • Hector Guimard
  • 1903
39
Q

When did Hector Guimard design the bench?

A

1898

40
Q

Hector Guimard, chair date?

A

1900

41
Q

When was The Origin of the Species Published?

A

1859

42
Q

When was the Descent of Man?

A

1871

43
Q

What concepts of evolution are seen in Art Nouveau

A

Evolutionism: Relation of all living things to each other by their response to the natural environment

Adaptation: how individuals refine their interaction with natural forces

Natural Selection: power of nature to affect the destiny of the species

Metamorphosis: the alternation withing live forces.

History of Chairs - Module 1 (3 decks)

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